HomeMy WebLinkAboutPresentation (2) 05/02/2016Presentation
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DATE: May 2, 2016
TO: Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council through City Manager
FROM: Scott M. Duiven, Senior Planner
SUBJECT: Public Review Draft: Climate Action 2020
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that the City Council receive the presentation from the Regional Climate
Protection Agency on the Public Review Draft of the Climate Action 2020 and provide input.
BACKGROUND
In May of 2013, the City Manager executed a memoranda of agreement to participate in the
County -wide Greenhouse Gas Reduction Implementation Program, subsequently renamed
Climate Action 2020. Climate Action 2020 is a collaborative effort among all nine cities and the
County of Sonoma to take further action in reducing GHG emissions. Through this program,
participating jurisdictions will achieve compliance with Bay Area Air Quality Management
District (BAAQMD) guidelines and related policies that establish reduction targets for GHG
emissions, including AB 32, CEQA, and local GHG reduction goals. Building upon the climate
protection efforts and goals established in the 2008 Community Climate Action Plan created by
the Climate Protection Campaign, the goal of Climate Action 2020 is to update all municipal and
community -wide GHG inventories, evaluate emission targets, and to create an implementation
plan to reach those targets. The updated Climate Action Plan developed for each jurisdiction is
tailored to its specific circumstances but benefits from a county -wide perspective.
The Regional Climate Protection Authority (RCPA) has been working with a countywide Staff
Working Group and under the direction of the RCPA Board of Directors to develop a proposed
Public Review Draft Climate Action 2020 Plan: A Regional Program for Sonoma County
Communities. The purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of the draft plan,
introduce the proposed elements that are specific to Petaluma, and to seek direction from the City
Council regarding whether the proposed approach for Petaluma's contributions to Climate
Action 2020 can be modified to better reflect local opportunities, priorities, or constraints. Of
particular interest, RCPA staff is seeking input on the local measures selected for Petaluma. The
public is encouraged to review the plan and provide comments by going to the RCPA's website
at: www.repa.ca.gov. Staff from the RCPA will be present to receive comments that will inform
edits made to the draft before publication later in 2016 for adoption hearings to be held in
Petaluma and around the county later this year. A printed copy of the Public Review Draft
Climate Action 2020 Plan: A Regional Program for Sonoma County Communities and its
Appendices are available for review at Petaluma City Hall.
DISCUSSION
Climate Action 2020 is a regional greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction implementation
program for Sonoma County communities. It is a collaborative effort among all 9 cities and the
County of Sonoma to take further actions to reduce GHG emissions community -wide. The
approach called for in the draft plan is for each local government to contribute measures towards
a countywide greenhouse gas reduction target of 25% below 1990 levels by 2020, on a path
towards a long term goal of 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. The purpose of the project is for all
jurisdictions to commit to a consistent framework for climate action and commit to
implementing locally appropriate measures by adopting the plan.
The effort is led by the RCPA and has been advanced by a Staff Working Group comprised of
planning staff from each of the ten jurisdictions of Sonoma County. The project has also been
built upon the input and recommendations received through a countywide Stakeholder Advisory
Group (comprised of citizen representatives from around the county as appointed by the RCPA
Board), public workshops in each jurisdiction, numerous community group presentations and
events, and an online survey.
The purpose of the project is to develop a community -wide climate action plan for all of Sonoma
County to comply with State expectations (Global Warming Solutions Act - AB32), achieve our
locally adopted goals, take the next step towards a long -term low carbon future, and provide for
new development that is consistent with climate goals.
The project has been funded in part by a grant from the Strategic Growth Council that has
provided for Petaluma staff time, RCPA staff time for regional project management, and
technical consulting resources.
Progress to Date
The following project milestones have been achieved:
• Countywide greenhouse gas inventory data has been collected and analyzed, resulting in
historic emissions back - casts, 2010 inventories, and business -as -usual forecasts for each
community across the primary local activities that generate GHGs.
• Research into and analysis of existing policies and programs throughout Sonoma County
was completed to understand how existing efforts will advance local climate goals.
• Three Stakeholder Advisory Group meetings were convened to review inventories,
forecasts, targets, and candidate reduction measures, as well as to discuss local climate
impacts.
• Sector specific Ad Hoc committees comprised of Stakeholder Advisory Group members
were held to get into the details of sector specific analysis and measure definitions.
• One noticed public meeting was held in each jurisdiction to introduce the project and
solicit input on community priorities; an online forum was established to solicit
comments and share updates.
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• Over 30 additional presentations on the project were given to community groups at their
request, including Chambers of Commerce, Rotaries, HOAs, non - profits, etc.
• A draft list of local measures (that will complement existing local measures, State
actions, and regional actions) was identified through these staff, stakeholder, and public
engagement processes.
• Draft measures were built into a GHG reduction planning tool, customized for each
jurisdiction, so planning staff could select an appropriate package of measures with
appropriate parameters to evaluate for potential inclusion in the draft plan; the tool yields
the potential annual impact of each measure in the year 2020 in metric tons of carbon
dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e).
• A draft countywide reduction target of 25% below 1990 levels by 2020 was proposed by
the Staff Working Group and approved by the RCPA Board; the recommendation was
shaped by previously adopted local targets, state expectations, the scientific imperative of
climate change, forecasts for GHG emissions growth, and analysis of the impact of
reduction measures identified for possible implementation in each community.
• All of these efforts have been rolled into a complete Public Review Draft of the Climate
Action 2020 Plan, which is being presented to Petaluma and around the county in order to
receive early feedback and direction on how to make the plan a better reflection of
climate action opportunities and priorities in Petaluma.
Highlights from the Public Review Draft
Greenhouse gas inventories demonstrate that in the absence of new actions, Sonoma County
emissions will return to and exceed historic levels by 2020:
• Countywide emissions in 1990: —4 million MTCO2e
• Countywide emissions in 2010: —3.7 million MTCO2e (10% below 1990)
• Countywide emissions forecast in 2020 without action: —4.4 million MTCO2e (10%
above 1990)
• Countywide emissions target for 2020: —3 million MTCO2e (25% below 1990)
The countywide goal of 25% below 1990 levels is achievable through a combination of state,
regional, and local actions, if we work as a region.
• Variable growth rates since 1990, and an emphasis on city centered growth in Sonoma
County, make the 25% below 1990 levels target more difficult to achieve in some
communities than in others; therefore the RCPA has proposed a target of 25 % below
1990 levels countywide. Each jurisdiction will contribute to the regional goal by adopting
a suite of local measures.
• State actions already underway will contribute 52% of the reductions needed to keep
emissions under 3 million MTCO2e in 2020.
• Actions under local governance will be responsible for the remaining 48% of reductions
needed to achieve the local target. These actions include contributions from regional
collaborations that are already in place or moving forward outside of Climate Action
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2020, including SMART, Sonoma Clean Power, the PACE Financing Marketplace,
Sonoma County Transportation Authority's Shift Plan, and others.
• Local reductions are still needed from local measures that will be implemented by the
county and the cities.
The Draft Plan was developed to advance 20 goals by 2020:
• Each community will contribute to some or all of these goals through local actions.
• The Plan allows for flexibility at a local level to define the best ways to advance these
goals.
Sector
Key
Goals
Building
1. Increase building energy efficiency
Energy
2. Increase renewable energy use
1
3. Switch equipment from fossil fuel to electricity
Transportation
4. Reduce travel demand through focused growth
& Land Use
5. Encourage a shift toward low- carbon transportation options
6. Increase vehicle and equipment fuel efficiency
7. Encourage a shift toward low- carbon fuels in vehicles and equipment
8. Reduce idling
Solid Waste
9. Increase solid waste diversion
Generation
10. Increase capture and use of methane from landfills
Water
11. Reduce water consumption
Conveyance &
12. Increase recycled water and greywater use
Wastewater
13. Increase water and wastewater infrastructure efficiency
Treatment
14. Increase use of renewable energy in water and wastewater systems
Livestock &
15. Reduce emissions from livestock operations
Fertilizer
16. Reduce emissions from fertilizer use
Advanced
17. Protect and enhance the value of open and working lands
Climate
18. Promote sustainable agriculture
Initiatives
1
19. Increase carbon sequestration
20. Reduce emissions from consumption of goods and services, including
food
in
The goals focus primarily on the largest local sources of GHGs:
Sources of GHG Emissions in Sonoma County
It is recommended that Petaluma help advance Climate Action 2020 goals by supporting State
and Regional actions, and implementing 24 local measures.
The plan has been structured to allow Petaluma to adopt measures that are appropriate
based on community priorities and unique needs or opportunities. The suite of proposed
measures included in the Public Review Draft for Petaluma is based on a combination of
public outreach meetings, existing policy guidance, staff expertise, and consultant
analysis of existing measures and new measure potential, a desire for regional
consistency, possibility to generate co- benefits, and best practices for local actions.
The specific approach to implementing measures selected by Petaluma is at the discretion
of the City Council. Some measures can be implemented through voluntary or mandatory
approaches, or through different strategies to incentivize or promote behavior change.
By pursuing local strategies within a regional planning framework, Petaluma is able to
benefit fiom implementation support from the RCPA and the process of evaluating
emissions, identifying and evaluating strategies, developing strategies for
implementation, and monitoring progress can be done much more efficiently than if
Petaluma implemented a CAP alone.
Staff is bringing the Public Review Draft to the City Council for direction on the
proposed measure contributions for Petaluma.
The Plan is focused on near term actions, and getting measures in place by 2020 that will put all
of Sonoma County on a path towards longer term GHG targets.
• Demonstrating consistency with the current State Scoping Plan (AB 32) is an important
goal for the project; however the plan significantly exceeds expectations for GHG
reductions and sets up Petaluma for success in the next stage of State Climate Action,
despite the lack of clarity surrounding what will follow AB 32.
• The Plan proposes new long term goals of 40% below 1990 by 2030 and 80% below
1990 levels by 2050. These reductions are consistent with most leading policy goals for
climate action.
• Measures proposed for Petaluma will provide reduction benefits well beyond the calendar
year of 2020.
By adopting the Climate Action Plan later this year, Petaluma will be able to streamline the
review of GHG impacts from new development.
• The Plan includes a model consistency checklist that may be used by City staff to review
the significance of new development with respect to GHG emissions. If a project can't
demonstrate consistency with the CAP, it will still be required to conduct project specific
GHG analysis and mitigation strategies at the City's discretion.
• It is important that new development incorporate climate action strategies and reflect
lower- carbon growth, however success in achieving targets will be overwhelmingly
dependent on reducing emissions from existing sources.
• The RCPA will serve as Lead Agency and will develop and certify the Environmental
Impact Report (EIR) associated with the Plan. The ,City of Petaluma will review the EIR
and if it is determined to be adequate, may act as a Responsible Agency and use the
consistency checklist to review new development. The Draft EIR was released on March
21, 2016. Hearings and the comment process will be noticed and posted on the RCPA
website: rcpa.ca.gov.
The implementation of measures will rely on collaboration, and the RCPA is well positioned to
support members.
Climate change affects everyone and opportunities to address it do not fall neatly within
political boundaries. Working together ensures that resources are efficiently deployed to
solve the problem, policies are clear and consistent, and each actor is doing what it can to
advance common goals.
The RCPA and other regional entities will support Petaluma by: pursuing funding,
convening stakeholder conversations about measure design, researching best practices,
drafting measure templates, collecting, analyzing, and reporting data, and engaging
community members in the design of specific strategies.
101
The implementation fi°ameworkproposed includes monitoring and adaptive management to track
progress and evaluate priorities for future programs.
Monitoring will be led by the RCPA with support from Petaluma staff who will be asked
to provide data and updates on the status of measure implementation, at least once per
year.
Funding and financing tools will continue to be essential in expanding the impact of local
climate actions.
• The RCPA will work with Petaluma and the other communities of Sonoma County to
secure financial resources to support investments in climate solutions, particularly those
that generate positive return for local communities.
The Draft Plan also provides an updated analysis of local climate risks and 9 goals for climate
resilience.
A detailed report: Climate Ready Sonoma County: Climate Hazards and Vulnerabilities
was published as an earlier element of the project.
Highlights from the report are included in the Draft CAP, along with goals for climate
resilience that were developed with input from the SAG and two large public forums on
climate adaptation.
This risk assessment and resilience goals will serve as the foundation for future projects
between the RCPA and Petaluma to reduce local vulnerability to climate change.
Schedule and Next Steps
• March — May — Public presentations made at each local governing body; public comment
period on Draft CAP open
• April — Draft EIR released for comment
• April — May — 45 Day public comment period on Draft EIR open
• May — TBD — RCPA and SWG respond to direction and comments
• TBD — RCPA publishes final draft CAP and EIR for adoption and certification
• TBD — Cities and County adopt Final CAP
FINANCIAL IMPACTS
The project has been funded in part by a grant from the Strategic Growth Council that has
provided for Petaluma staff time, RCPA staff time for regional project management, and
technical consulting resources.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Local Measures under Consideration.
2. Community Co- Benefits.
3. Achieving the Countywide Emissions Reduction Target.
7
4. Climate Action 2020: A Regional Program for Sonoma County Communities (Executive
Summary).
5. Climate Action 2020: A Regional Program for Sonoma County Communities (Chapter 1
the Framework for Sonoma County Climate Action).
6. Climate Action 2020: A Regional Program for Sonoma County Communities (Chapter
5.4 The City of Petaluma)
7. CA2020 Presentation
® Items listed below are large in volume and are not attached to this report, but may be viewed in the
City Clerk's office.
1. The complete Public Review Draft Climate Action Plan and Appendices can also be
downloaded at: http: / /repa.ca. oy /projects /climate- action -2020/
Attachment 1
ra.Doa-*!�� CA2020: Local Measures under Consideration
REGIONAL CLIMATE PROTECTION AUTHORITY
Sector Local Measures in CA2020
1. Expand the Green Building Ordinance Energy Code (1 -1-1)
2. Outdoor Lighting (1 -1-2)
3. Shade -Tree Planting (1 -L3)
Building 4. Co- Generation Facilities (1 -L4)
®� 5, Solar in New Residential Development (2 -L1)
0 � Energy 6. Solar in Existing Residential Buildings (2 -1-2),
7. Solar in New Nonresidential Developments (2 -L3);
8, Solar in Existing Nonresidential Buildings (2 -1-4)
9. Convert to Electric Water Heating (3 -L1)
10. Mixed -Use Development in City Centers and along Transit Corridors (4 -1-1)
11. Increase Transit Accessibility (4 -1-2)
12. Supporting Land Use Measures (4 -1-3)
13. Affordable Housing Linked to Transit (4 -1-4)
14. Local Transportation Demand Management (TDM) programs (5 -1-1)
15. Carpool Incentives and Ride - Sharing Program (5 -1-2)
Transport. 16, Guaranteed Ride Home (5 -L3)
& Land Use E 17. Supporting Bicycle /Pedestrian Measures (5 -1-4)
18. Traffic Calming (5 -1-5)
19. Parking Policies (5 -1-6)
20. Supporting Parking Policy Measures (5 -1-7)
21. Electric Vehicle Charging Station Program (7 -1-1)
22. Electrify Construction Equipment (7 -L2)
23. Idling Ordinance (8 -L1)
24. Idling Ordinance for Construction Equipment (842)
Solid Waste 25, Create Construction & Demolition Reuse and Recycling Ordinance (9 -Li)
Generation 0
26. SB X7 -7 - Water Conservation Act of 2009 (11 -1-1)
27. Water Conservation for New Construction (11 -L2)
Water& 28. Water Conservation for Existing Buildings (11 -1-3)
Wastewater 29. Greywater Use (12 -1-1)
30. Green Energy for Water Production and Wastewater Processing in
Healdsburg and Cloverdale (14 -1-1)
Livestock& �� County measures Advanced
Fertilizer} only Climate l'I)rr No local measures
Initiatives
The ten italic measures are new; otherwise the plan relies on increasing participation in existing efforts.
The measure number corresponds to the goal and actor, i.e. (7 -L2) is the second local measure to advance goal 7.
rcpo,-a*> CA2020: Community Co- Benefits
REGIONAL CLIMATE PROTECTION AUTHORITY
Co- Benefit Key
Description
Energy
Measures to increase energy efficiency can reduce energy costs and
lessen the impact of future energy price increases on county
Savings
businesses and residents. Reducing petroleum and natural gas use
through efficiency and fuel switching also reduce dependence on
imported energy and the environmental impacts of fossil energy
exploration, production, and transportation.
Air Quality
Measures to reduce or eliminate the combustion of fossil fuels can
reduce local and regional air quality challenges caused by ozone,
Improvements
carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate
matter. These air pollutants cause damage to people, ecosystems,
and infrastructure.
Public Health
Measures that improve air quality create benefits for public health, by
reducing pollutants that irritate respiratory systems, exacerbate
Improvements
asthma, and affect the heart. Measures that increase use of active
transportation and enhance public open spaces can improve health
by encouraging walking, biking, and outdoor recreation.
Job Creation
Measures to retrofit buildings, build and operate local and distributed
renewable energy systems, increase transit use, increase waste
v
diversion, and other strategies that rely on local labor can create
opportunities for the workforce and retain dollars to be reinvested in
the local economy.
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Recycling and waste diversion measures reduce material
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consumption and the need for landfill space. Water efficiency
Conserve
`��'�'
Conservation Y
measures reduce water demand and preserve water resources. Land
use measures conserve natural resources and protect the long -term
viability of natural and working landscapes in the county. Open space
preservation also offers aesthetic and recreational benefits for
community residents as well as habitatfor native wildlife and plants.
Sustainable agriculture practices will help preserve agricultural
productivity and ecological health.
Cost Savings
Many strategies to reduce emissions reduce waste by increasing
efficiency, therefore reducing the costs to receive the same service (be
j
that light, heat, water, or transportation). Many measures offer
downstream cost savings in addition to direct utility or fuel cost
savings, such as reduced health care costs, reduced need to invest in
marginal water or energy supply, lower maintenance costs, etc.
Climate
Many strategies to reduce emissions also help prepare communities
for local climate impacts by advancing the climate resilience goals
Resilience m
l
adopted by the RCPA Board (see Chapter 6).
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C!Jxecutive Summary
ES.1 Introduction
Human - induced climate change is a global challenge that demands action at every level,
including local government. Sonoma County communities are established leaders in locally -
based efforts to combat global climate change, and this Climate Action Plan (CAP) takes another
step forward as local governments and regional agencies commit to concrete actions that will
further reduce countywide Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and create a better future for
Sonoma County,
ES.2 A Call to Action: Climate Change is a Serious Threat,
But We Know What to Do
Given the magnitude of human - induced climate change and the projected catastrophic effects
from continued global warming, reducing GHG emissions has become an environmental and
societal imperative. This CAP is needed because, despite local and state leadership, GHG
emissions in Sonoma County will continue to grow without additional action. The chart below
shows how emissions in various sectors are forecast to increase if a "business -as- usual" approach
is taken.
6,000,000
5,000,000
v
N
4,000,000
t—
c
3,000,000
E
LL,
M
F 2,000,000
1,000,000
0
1990 2010 2015 2020 2040 2050
Climate Action 2020: Community Climate Action Plan
ES -1
Public Review Draft
Wastewater Treatment
w Water Conveyance
n Off -Road Transportation
and Equipment
Fertilizer and Livestock
Solid Waste Generation
Building Energy
ti On -Road Transportation
March 2016
RCPA
Climate Action 2020 begins anew phase of local climate action by focusing on near -term actions
that will be implemented through 2020 to achieve a 25% reduction in regional GHG emissions
(compared to 1990 levels). The figure below shows 1990 emissions (known as a "backcast "),
emissions from the 2010 inventory, and projected GHG increases if no action is taken (BAU), as
well as the GHG reduction target under this CAP.
5,000,000 1990 Inventor
3,966,300 MTCOZe
4,500,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
v 3,000,000
N
u2,500,000
2 2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
2010 Inventory
3,658,900 MTCOZe
1990 2010
2020
BAU Emissions
,395,200 MTCOZe
GHG Reductions Needed
to Meet Target
G Reduction Target
4,700 MTCOZe
This CAP builds on earlier efforts to chart a future that will dramatically reduce countywide GHG
emissions. These earlier efforts include the State of California's adoption of AB 32 (2006), which
requires statewide GHG emissions to be reduced to 1990 levels by 2020, and more recent
executive orders that target even deeper GHG reductions in the future. Here in Sonoma County,
community leaders and forward - thinking elected officials throughout Sonoma County worked
together to adopt an ambitious GHG reduction target in 2005 and to create the nation's first
Regional Climate Protection Authority (RCPA), to coordinate countywide efforts to reduce GHG
emissions.
In addition, the City of Santa Rosa adopted a Community Climate Action Plan in 2012 and a
Municipal Climate Action Plan in 2013. These plans are referenced in this CAP, and their
implementation will contribute substantially to regional GHG reductions. Although this CAP does
not contain a chapter focused on Santa Rosa, data in the CAP include Santa Rosa to provide a
county -wide picture and measure of future needed action.
Sonoma County's regional GHG reduction target will be met by combining the new actions
described in this CAP with ongoing efforts already underway to accomplish the following 20 goals,
grouped together by sector:
Climate Action 2020: Community Climate Action Plan ES -2
Public Review Draft
March 2016
RCPA
Sector
Key
Goals
Building Energy
Water
1.
Increase building energy efficiency
Reduce water consumption
®
2.
e
Increase renewable energy use
Increase recycled water and greywater use
Wastewater
3.
Switch equipment from fossil fuel to electricity
Transportation
Treatment
4.
Reduce travel demand through focused growth
&Land Use
Livestock&
5.
Encourage a shift toward low - carbon transportation options
Reduce emissions from livestock operations
m
6.
Increase vehicle and equipment fuel efficiency
Reduce emissions from fertilizer use
Advanced
7.
Encourage a shift toward low- carbon fuels in vehicles and equipment
Protect and enhance the value of open and working lands
Climate
8.
Reduce idling
Solid Waste
Initiatives
9.
Increase solid waste diversion
Generation
10.
Increase capture and use of methane from landfills
ES.3 A Regional Approach to Reducing GHG Emissions
If ever an issue called for coordinated, multi - partnereffort, it is climate change; progress depends
on Sonoma County communities working together. Although state programs will be essential to
meeting Sonoma County's GHG reduction goal, long -term regional collaboration will be needed to
meet long -term goals. A regional GHG reduction goal —as opposed to individual goals for each
jurisdiction— recognizes the shared nature of the challenge as well as the fact that Sonoma
County communities each have a different capacity to achieve GHG reductions. This CAP identifies
14 GHG reduction measures for local agency implementation. Each city and the County selected
the specific measures to include in their jurisdiction's commitments.
This CAP also includes GHG reduction measures that will be implemented by regional entities that
can provide some services and resources on behalf of all communities more efficiently than the
individual jurisdictions can on their own, especially the smaller cities. Examples include the RCPA
and Sonoma Clean Power, which provides electricity with lower carbon content.
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j
Water
11.
Reduce water consumption
Conveyance &
12.
Increase recycled water and greywater use
Wastewater
13.
Increase water and wastewater infrastructure efficiency
Treatment
14.
Increase use of renewable energy in water and wastewater systems
Livestock&
15.
Reduce emissions from livestock operations
Fertilizer
16.
Reduce emissions from fertilizer use
Advanced
17.
Protect and enhance the value of open and working lands
Climate
+ €�
�;�.
18.
Promote sustainable agriculture
Initiatives
�
19.
Increase carbon sequestration
20.
Reduce emissions from consumption of goods and services, including food
ES.3 A Regional Approach to Reducing GHG Emissions
If ever an issue called for coordinated, multi - partnereffort, it is climate change; progress depends
on Sonoma County communities working together. Although state programs will be essential to
meeting Sonoma County's GHG reduction goal, long -term regional collaboration will be needed to
meet long -term goals. A regional GHG reduction goal —as opposed to individual goals for each
jurisdiction— recognizes the shared nature of the challenge as well as the fact that Sonoma
County communities each have a different capacity to achieve GHG reductions. This CAP identifies
14 GHG reduction measures for local agency implementation. Each city and the County selected
the specific measures to include in their jurisdiction's commitments.
This CAP also includes GHG reduction measures that will be implemented by regional entities that
can provide some services and resources on behalf of all communities more efficiently than the
individual jurisdictions can on their own, especially the smaller cities. Examples include the RCPA
and Sonoma Clean Power, which provides electricity with lower carbon content.
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ES.4 Putting This Climate Action Plan to Work
Through this CAP, Sonoma County communities have set an ambitious target for GHG emissions
reduction, one that will require decisive and timely action by the local partners. The RCPA will
coordinate and facilitate implementation actions by the cities and the county, and regional
agencies. Each city and the county will develop its own implementation team for the actions that
will occur at the local government level.
Monitoring and Adaptive Management. To ensure that GHG reduction efforts are effective and
to adapt to changing technologies, regulations, and community behavior, the CAP calls for
ongoing monitoring and adaptive management. Two interim GHG emissions inventories will be
completed before 2020 and the RCPA Board will conduct a mid - course review to identify changes
that may be needed to stay on- target. Equally important, the results of the interim inventories
and the mid - course review will be reported to the community.
This CAP is one part of a much longerterm GHG reduction effort. Even with the ambitious GHG
reduction goal in this CAP, further actions will be needed to meet longer -term goals. Thus, in
adopting this CAP, the RCPA will also adopt goals to reduce GHG emissions by 40% (compared to
1990) by 2030, and by 80% by 2050, which will necessitate another phase of climate action
planning after 2020. The good news is that the actions in this CAP will put the county on a solid
trajectory for achieving the longer term goals.
Sonoma County Greenhouse Gas Emissions Pathways
6,000,000
Business as Usual
5,000,000
AB32 2020 Target @ o m e
4,000,000 1
v Sonoma State Measures
p Only (to 2020)
3,000,000
0
0
u 2,000,000
v Sonoma /CA2020Trend ®A®
5 -03.05 2050 Target
1,000,000
0
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
ES.5 How Will This Plan Help Sonoma County Residents
and Businesses?
Reducing GHG Emissions is Good Business. Reducing GHG emissions will save money for
Sonoma County residents and business owners. Weatherizing or adding solar to existing homes,
for example, creates construction jobs and cuts residents' utility bills. When businesses increase
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energy efficiency or add on -site renewable energy generation, they reduce operating costs and
employ electricians, engineers, builders and plumbers. Sonoma County businesses are already
exporting the products and services they develop to respond to climate change. For example,
California Clean Power is a new local business that helps other cities launch community choice
aggregation programs. As the world moves to a low- carbon economy and invests in climate -ready
communities, Sonoma County businesses will reap the rewards of their leadership.
Reducing GHG Emissions Supports Other Community Goals (Co- benefits). Implementing the
CAP will result in environmental and community co- benefits that go beyond GHG emissions
reductions. For example, many of the actions will improve public health by reducing air pollutants
like ozone, carbon monoxide, and fine particulates. Reduction measures focused on reducing
energy use in the transportation and building energy sectors can help lessen the impact of future
energy cost increases.
Even with strong action to reduce GHG emissions, climate- related changes to natural and human
systems cannot be avoided entirely. Sonoma County is already experiencing some of these
effects, including higher temperatures and more variable rainfall. In response, this CAP also
establishes goals for improving climate resilience in three key community resource areas: people
and social systems; built systems; and natural and working lands. Many of the strategies to reduce
emissions will also help strengthen climate resilience too.
The measures in this CAP provide an opportunity to reduce carbon emissions and achieve a
diverse range of community co- benefits, identified in the plan with these icons:
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Energy Savings
Air Quality Improvements
Public Health Improvements
.i
Job Creation
Resource Conservation
0
Cost Savings
@
Climate Resilience
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ES.6 How Can Sonoma County Residents Help?
Learn about your household carbon footprint. The everyday activities of Sonoma County
residents result in GHG emissions, including driving a vehicle, using fossil fuels to light and heat
homes, and throwing away household garbage. This CAP focuses on actions that will be taken by
cities and the County. Residents can help by supporting local adoption of these actions and
participating in the programs that will result from this CAP (see below). In addition to municipal
programs, residents can also learn about their household carbon footprint and ways to reduce
GHG emissions through their own actions - such as driving an electric vehicle, installing solar or
buying electricity from Sonoma Clean Power.
Participate in programs to reduce local emissions. The good news is that while human
activities are a major climate change driver, we can also be part of the solution. Sonoma County
residents can make impactful choices and changes in their daily lives such as changing lightbulbs
to CFLs or LEDs, sealing and insulating their homes, reusing and/or recycling materials that might
otherwise be thrown away, and using water more efficiently. Residents can also choose to buy
items made from local, renewable materials and make other low - carbon lifestyle choices, such as
walking or biking, using public transportation, or eating less meat and more local vegetables. This
CAP identifies some of the resources available to Sonoma County residents to help make these
changes.
ES.7 Public Outreach and Community Engagement
This CAP was prepared with input from community members, elected officials, and staff from the
partner agencies. Ten open house -style public workshops were held, including one in each city.
These meetings solicited public input on the types of reduction measures that should be included
in the CAP. The role of local governments in addressing climate change and reducing GHG
emissions was also discussed. The community dialogue that has begun with preparation of this
plan will continue throughout implementation of the GHG emissions reduction measures.
To help guide the CAP development process, the RCPA board of directors also selected a
Stakeholder Advisory Group to represent a diversity of viewpoints and technical expertise from
each jurisdiction. Three representatives from each city and two representatives from each county
supervisorial district were selected; some representatives had input from city councils, though
none were elected officials themselves. The Group met five times at key milestones during the
project. All meetings were open to the public and each meeting included an opportunity for the
public to provide comments.
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Chapter 1
Sonoma County Action
1.1 Introduction
Human - induced climate change is a global challenge that demands action at every level,
including local government. Sonoma County communities are established leaders in locally
based efforts to combat global climate change, and this Climate Action Plan takes another step
forward as local governments and regional agencies commit to concrete actions that will further
reduce countywide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and create a better future for Sonoma
County. These local actions will combine with state and regional actions to reduce community
GHG emissions to 25% below 1990 levels by 2020 and make substantial progress toward even
greater reductions beyond 2020. These local actions will also advance many other community
priorities such as economic resilience, public health, water efficiency, air quality, and overall
quality of life.
1.2 A Call to Action
1.2.1 Climate Change Is a Serious Threat, But We Know What to Do
Sonoma County has long recognized the need for local action to help meet the global challenge of
climate change. The first phase of local climate action included all nine cities and the County
setting a goal of reducing GHG emissions by 25% (compared to 1990 levels) by 2015. Although that
ambitious goal was not accompanied by a formal plan, local leaders took initial actions that have
made real progress toward reducing countywide GHG emissions, including a community climate
action plan prepared by the community -based Center for Climate Protection and local
government programs like Sonoma Clean Power (SCP) and the Sonoma County Energy
Independence Program. Climate Action 2020 (CA2020) begins a new phase of local climate action
by updating the countywide GHG reduction goal and focusing on near -term actions that will be
implemented through 2020. These actions will substantially reduce emissions in the short term
and put Sonoma County on a solid trajectory to achieve deeper GHG reductions that will be
needed to meet the goal of reducing emissions by 80% by 2050. After 2020, another phase of local
climate action planning will be needed to continue and expand the actions in CA2020 and to
explore new strategies to meet longer -term GHG reduction goals.
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f
' ',
Climate Change Science: A Primer
Although changes in global climate have been recorded throughout history, there is strong
consensus among the scientific community that recent changes are the result of GHG emissions
created by the burning of fossil fuels and other human activity. The International Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC), in its 2014 assessment, observed that human influence on the climate system is
clear, and recent increases in GHGs emissions are the highest in history. Each of the lastthree
decades has been successively warmer at the Earth's surface than any preceding decade since
1850.
Accord i ng to the IPCC:
Anthropogenic (man -made) greenhouse gas emissions have increased since the pre- industrial era,
driven largely by economic and population growth, and are now higher than ever. This has led to
atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane (CHa), and nitrous oxide (N20) that are
unprecedented in at least the last 800,000 years. Their effects, together with those of other
anthropogenic drivers, have been detected throughout the climate system and are extremely likely to
have been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid -20th century.
Even a relatively small increase in global temperatures can dramatically affect human and natural
systems. According to the IPCC, "an increase in the global average temperature of 2 °C (3.6 °F)
above pre- industrial levels, which is only 1.1 °C (2.0 °F) above present levels, poses severe risks to
natural systems and human health and wellbeing." The warming climate is directly related to the
amount of GHG in the atmosphere, typically expressed in terms of parts per million (ppm) of
carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). Many have called for stabilizing atmospheric GHG
concentrations at 450 ppm CO2e (California Air Resources Board 2014b). However, with GHG
concentrations now at or above 479 ppm CO2e, natural systems and human health and wellbeing
are already at high risk (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2014). Here in Sonoma
County, those risks include increased flooding, wild land fires, and economic disruption.
To have an even chance of stabilizing GHG concentrations at450 ppm CO2e, global GHG emissions
would have to decline by about 50% (compared with 2000 levels) by 2050. Given a more limited
capacity to reduce emissions in developing countries, stabilizing at 450 ppm CO2e will require
industrialized countries, including the United States, to reduce their emissions by approximately
80% below 1990 levels by 2050.
Strong action is needed to avoid serious damage to human wellbeing and natural systems.
Individuals and communities need to determine how much and how fast they are willing to
change energy use and implement other actions to achieve long -term GHG reductions.
Discussions about human - induced climate change often focus on the role of carbon. This is
because carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary GHG emitted through human activities and accounts
for about 82% of all U.S. GHG emissions. Therefore, terms like "atmospheric carbon," "carbon -
neutral," or "low- carbon" are often heard in climate change discussions. However, human
influence on the climate is actually driven by six primary gases, including CO2. These gases each
have different potential to trap heat and remain in the atmosphere (expressed as Global Warming
Potential, or GWP). For example, whereas CO2 has a GWP of 1, nitrous oxide (N20) has a GWP of
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265, This means that, pound for pound, N20 is 265 times more powerful as a global warming agent
than CO2. But because there are far more CO2 emissions than N20 emissions, CO2 is still the
greatest GHG concern overall. See Table 1.2 -1 for a comparison of global warming potential from
the six GHG gases.
Table 1.2 -1. Principal GHG Emissions
Notes:
GWPs listed here are 100 -year values without carbon- climate feedbacks.
ppm = parts per million
ppb = parts per billion
ppt= parts pertrillion
Sources: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2013; Biasing 2014.
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�
Global Warming
Atmospheric
Atmospheric
Greenhouse Gas
Primary Emissions Sources
Potential (GWP)a
Lifetime
Abundance
(years)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Burning of fossil fuels
1
50 -200
394 ppm
Gas flaring
Cement production
Land use changes (reducing the
amount of forested land or
vegetated areas)
Deforestation
Methane (CH4)
Agricultural practices
28
12.4
1,893 ppb
Natural gas combustion
Landfill outgassing
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Agricultural practices
265
121
326 ppb
Nylon production
Gas -fired power plant operations
Nitric acid production
Vehicle emissions
Perfluorinated
Aluminum production
6,630- 11,100
10,000-
4.2 -79.0 ppt
Carbons (CF4, C2F6)
Semiconductor manufacturing
50,000
Sulfur Hexafluoride
Power distribution
23,500
3,200
7.8 ppt
(SF6)
Semiconductor manufacturing
Magnesium processing
Hydrofluorocarbons
Consumer products (aerosol
138 - 12,400
1.5 -222
3.9 -75 ppt
(HFC -23, HFC -134a,
sprays, such as air fresheners,
HFC -152a)
deodorants, hair products, etc.)
Automobile air - conditioners
Refrigerants
Notes:
GWPs listed here are 100 -year values without carbon- climate feedbacks.
ppm = parts per million
ppb = parts per billion
ppt= parts pertrillion
Sources: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2013; Biasing 2014.
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�
To provide a consistent framework, GHG emissions are usually quantified in terms of metric tons
(MT) of CO2e per year, which accounts for the relative warming capacity of each gas. All GHGs in
the emissions inventory and reduction measures are presented in terms of MTCO2e. For more
information on the latest climate science and IPCC research, visit http : / /www.iDCC.ch.
Sonoma County Must Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Based on projections from the 2010 GHG inventory, Sonoma County is not expected to meet the
2015 goal of 25% below 1990 levels. Furthermore, the county's population is projected to increase
by 5% between 2010 and 2020, and employment is projected to increase by 13% over the same
period. Population and economic growth are the main factors influencing the growth of GHG
emissions.
Simply put, without additional actions, GHG emissions in 2020 and beyond will not be
reduced and could increase because of continued population and economic growth.
Therefore, the primary goal of CA2020 is to grow smarter by reducing countywide GHG emissions
to a level that is 25% below 1990 emissions by 2020, a target that is well beyond that established
in current state law (Assembly Bill 32; see discussion of state regulatory framework in Section
1.2.2, below). This target will be met by combining the new actions described in this Climate
Action Plan (CAP) with ongoing efforts already underway and working to achieve reductions in a
thoughtful and coordinated manner.
In addition to the near -term emission - reduction goal for 2020, CA2020 also includes longer -term
goals of reducing emissions by 40% (compared to 1990) by 2030 and by 80% by 2050, which will
necessitate another phase of local climate action planning and implementation after 2020.
Although the measures contained in this CAP will endure and continue to reduce emissions
beyond 2020, even greater effort will be needed to reach the goals for 2030 and 2050. Specific
actions needed after 2020 will be heavily influenced by the changes in technology, regulatory
mandates, and behavior that will inevitably occur by 2020. An update to CA2020 is therefore
included in the implementation plan.
Adapting to Climate Change and Building Resilient Communities
Actions taken to reduce GHG emissions are commonly referred to as climate mitigation and are
the foundation of climate change response; minimizing the extent of climate changes is the most
certain way to ensure that communities can respond to them. However, climate- related changes
to natural and human systems cannot be avoided entirely. Sonoma County is already
experiencing some of these effects, including higher temperatures and more variable rainfall,
which results in increased flooding in some years and drought in others. Actions that reduce the
community's vulnerability to these and other climate change hazards are collectively referred to
as climate adaptation. Adaptation is a fundamental part of the County's overall climate action
program and necessaryto build community resilience. While climate mitigation and adaptation
have different objectives, many strategies can be used to simultaneously achieve both goals.
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Chapter 6, Sonoma County Climate Readiness, provides a vulnerability assessment that screens
potential climate hazard impacts on three key community resource areas: people and social
systems, built systems, and natural and working lands. This analysis provides a starting point for a
countywide discussion on climate impacts and vulnerabilities. Strategies already underway to
prepare for climate change are also discussed, along with recommendations to increase local
climate change resilience. While the focus of CA2020 is on reducing local contributions to climate
change, many strategies to reduce emissions will also help strengthen climate resilience.
Measures that advance local resilience to climate impacts are identified in Chapter 3, Reducing
Community Emissions.
Figure 1.2 -1. Building Blocks of Climate Response
Addressing
symptoms
Addressing
causes
Concept: Sara Moore.
Short -term
effectiveness
Long -term
effectiveness
Figure 1.2 -1 illustrates the building blocks of climate response. Again, stopping human
contributions to climate change is the most important step to minimize the impact of climate
change on communities.
1.2.2 Building on Existing Climate Action Efforts
The State of California and Sonoma County communities recognized the challenge of climate
change and have already taken action to meet the GHG reduction imperative. The challenge is
enormous, but Sonoma County is not starting from scratch. CA2020 builds on earlier efforts to
chart a future that will dramatically reduce countywide GHG emissions.
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State Leadership
California is a global leader in addressing climate change and reducing GHG emissions.
• In 2005, Governor Schwarzenegger signed Executive Order S -03 -05 establishing a long -term
goal of reducing GHG emissions by 80% below 1990 levels by 2050.1
• Enacted in 2006, Assembly Bill (AB) 32 requires statewide GHG emissions to be reduced to
1990 levels by 2020. The AB 32 Scoping Plan identifies specific measures for achieving this
goal, including recommending that local governments establish GHG reduction goals for both
their municipal operations and for the community, consistent with those of the state.
In 2015, Governor Brown signed Executive Order B -30 -15 establishing a medium -term goal of
reducing GHG emissions by 40% below 1990 levels by 2030. The Governor's order requires the
California Air Resources Board (ARB) to update its scoping plan to identify the measures
needed to meet the 2030 target; that effort should be completed in late 2016.
In addition, the state has adopted key regulations that will help Sonoma County meet its regional
emissions reduction goals.
Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) - requires greater amounts of renewable energy in
electricity generation throughout the state
® Pavley /Advanced Clean Car Program- requires higher gas mileage in new cars sold in
California
Low - Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) - requires a reduction in the GHG intensity in transportation
fuels
Cap- and -Trade Program - reduces overall emissions in the electricity generation and
transportation fuel sectors
More information on these state regulations and their influence on Sonoma County emissions can
be found in Chapter 3, Reducing Community Emissions, and in Appendix C.
Sonoma County Leadership
In Sonoma County, community leaders and forward- thinking elected officials in each city and in
county government have worked together to establish strong action on climate change.
1990: Voters approved a sales tax measure to create the Sonoma County Agricultural
Preservation and Open Space District (SCAPOSD) to preserve agricultural and open space
lands throughout the county. Voters overwhelmingly reauthorized the sales tax measure in
2006.
1 Executive orders are binding only on state departments, not on the private sector or local governments. However,
pending legislation (Senate Bill 32) would, if approved by the legislature and signed by the governor, adopt the target
for 2030 into state law and give the ARB authority to adopt binding long -term GHG targets.
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• 2001: All Sonoma County communities committed to the International Council for Local
Environmental Initiatives campaign called Cities for Climate Protection, an international
initiative to reduce GHGs through local government action.
2005: The elected leadership in all Sonoma County communities adopted a countywide GHG
emissions reduction target of 25% below 1990 levels by 2015. The City of Cotati adopted an
even more aggressive goal of 30% below 1990 levels by 2015.
2008: A local community non - profit group, the Climate Protection Campaign (now known as
the Center for Climate Protection), developed a Community Climate Action Plan, which was
the first community -wide examination of strategies to reduce community -wide GHG
emissions.
• 2008: Voters in Sonoma (and Marin) County approved a local sales tax measure to fund
development of passenger rail service, Sonoma - Marin Area Rail Transit (SMART).
2009: Sonoma County jurisdictions established the nation's first Regional Climate Protection
Authority (RCPA), a multi - jurisdictional agency tasked with coordinating countywide efforts to
reduce GHGs and become more resilient to climate change. RCPA member jurisdictions and
their partners have created and successfully pioneered innovative approaches to climate
solutions including Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing, Pay As You Save (PAYS)
on -bill repayment for resource efficiency, community choice aggregation, carbon -free water,
electric vehicle infrastructure deployment, climate action through conservation, adaptation
planning, and more.
• 2012: The City of Santa Rosa was the first local government in the county to adopt its own
CAP and a new GHG emissions target of 25% below 1990 levels by 2020.
Community leadership has resulted in direct actions by the citizens, businesses, and communities
in Sonoma County to reduce GHG emissions. For example:
• All communities in the county (except Healdsburg, which has its own electric utility) now
participate in the local Community Choice Aggregation program, SCP, which provides
electricity with a higher renewable energy content than otherwise available. Healdsburg's
municipal utility has provided electricity with a large renewable portfolio for many years.
• The County established a PACE program known as the Sonoma County Energy
Independence Program to help property owners finance energy and water efficiency
improvements. This program has reduced GHG emissions equal to taking 3,000 cars off
the road and generated enough clean energy to power nearly 6,000 homes for a year.
• RCPA and jurisdictions county -wide support energy- efficiency efforts and solar retrofits
through a variety of programs. Waste minimization, recycling, and composting programs
are already an essential part of resource conservation in the county.
• The Sonoma County Water Agency is a leader in innovating low- carbon methods for
delivering water supplies and conserving water. Sonoma County Water Agency reached its
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goal of a carbon -free water delivery system in 2015, and is also a prominent supporter of
energy conservation financing.
• Sonoma County is a center for sustainable wine growing and other sustainable
agricultural practices.
By 2010, Sonoma County communities had reduced countywide GHG emissions to approximately
7% below 1990 levels, even while the county's population grew by 25% and employment grew by
17% between 1990 and 2010. On a percapita basis, county GHG emissions declined approximately
26% over the same period.
CA2020 builds on these existing programs and proposes additional measures that the
communities can implement to achieve significant GHG emissions reductions within the county as
a whole.
For a list of strategies that have already been implemented by each community, please refer to
Chapter 5, Community Greenhouse Gas Profiles and Emissions Reductions for202O.
1.2.3 How Will this Plan Help Sonoma County Residents and Businesses?
Reducing GHG Emissions Is No Longer Optional
Given the magnitude of human - induced climate change and the projected catastrophic effects
from continued global warming, reducing GHG emissions has become an environmental and
societal imperative. In response, GHG reduction mandates from the state and, increasingly, from
the federal government will require local government action. In California, state legislation
(AB 32) with a mandate to reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 is only the beginning;
much sharper GHG reductions are needed to protect our environment, our health, and our
economy from the potentially catastrophic effects of increasing global temperatures. CA2020 is
intended to help Sonoma County communities respond to the climate change imperative as well
as legal mandates.
Reducing GHG Emissions Is Good Business
Reducing GHG emissions will make Sonoma County businesses more efficient and will save
money for residents and business owners. Weatherizing or adding solar to existing homes, for
example, creates construction jobs and cuts residents' utility bills. When businesses increase
energy efficiency or add on -site renewable energy generation, they reduce operating costs and
employ electricians, engineers, builders, and plumbers. For example, a locally owned quarry
(Mark West Quarry) recently hired a local solar energy company to install a solar array that will
pay for itself in only seven years by cutting the company's energy bills in half. The Sonoma County
Green Business Program recognizes and promotes businesses that operate in an environmentally
responsible way, including reducing their carbon footprints. Sonoma County businesses are
already exporting the products and services they develop to respond to climate change. For
example, Petaluma -based Enphase has become a worldwide leader in micro - inverter technology
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used in solar photovoltaic systems. As the world moves to a low- carbon economy and invests in
climate -ready communities, Sonoma County businesses will reap the rewards of their leadership.
As described in more detail in Section 1.5, CA2020 will also facilitate a more streamlined
environmental review process for future development projects that incorporate its GHG reduction
measures.
Reducing GHG Emissions Supports Other Community Goals
Implementing CA2020 will result in environmental and community "co- benefits" that go beyond
GHG emissions reductions. For example, many of the actions will improve public health by
reducing air pollutants like ozone, carbon monoxide, and fine particulates. Measures to improve
mobility and alternative modes of transportation will increase walking and biking, activities that
substantially lower the incidence of disease. These changes can also complement and encourage
other sustainable modes of transportation, including public transit.
The GHG reduction measures in this CAP create community co- benefits in a variety of ways.
• GHG reduction measures in the Building Energy and Transportation sectors will reduce
electricity and gasoline usage, which can help lessen the impact of future energy cost
increases on county businesses and residents.
• Reducing gasoline consumption also reduces dependence on foreign oil and the
environmental impacts of oil exploration, production, and transportation.
• Recycling and waste diversion measures will also reduce material consumption and the
need for landfill space.
• Water efficiency measures will reduce water use in a water - constrained future and adapts
to the long -term hydrological effects of climate change.
• Land use measures in CA2020 will conserve natural resources and protect the long -term
viability of natural and working landscapes in the county.
• Open space preservation also offers aesthetic and recreational benefits for community
residents as well as habitat for native wildlife and plants.
• Sustainable agriculture and wine - making practices will help preserve agricultural soil
fertility and protect water quality.
The measures in this CAP provide an opportunity to lower carbon emissions and achieve a diverse
range of community co- benefits. Anticipated community co- benefits associated with CA2020 are
listed in Table 1.2 -2. Chapter 3, Reducing Community Emissions, provides additional information
on the relevant co- benefits for each CAP sector and goals.
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Table 1.2 -2. Community Co- Benefits
Co- Benefit Key
Description
Measures to increase energy efficiency can reduce energy costs and lessen the impact
Energy Savings
of future energy price increases on county businesses and residents. Reducing
petroleum and natural gas use through efficiency and fuel switching also reduce
dependence on imported energy and the environmental impacts of fossil energy
exploration, production, and transportation.
Air Quality
Measures to reduce or eliminate the combustion of fossil fuels can reduce local and
regional air quality challenges caused by ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide,
Improvements
sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter. These air pollutants cause damage to people,
ecosystems, and infrastructure.
Public Health
Measures that improve air quality create benefits for public health, by reducing
pollutants that irritate respiratory systems, exacerbate asthma, and affect the heart.
Improvem ents
Measures that increase use of active transportation and enhance public open spaces
can improve health by encouraging walking, biking, and outdoor recreation.
Job Creation
Measures to retrofit buildings, build and operate local and distributed renewable
energy systems, increase transit use, increase waste diversion, and other strategies
that rely on local labor can create opportunities for the workforce and retain dollars
to be reinvested in the local economy.
Recycling and waste diversion measures reduce material consumption and the need
Resource ��
for landfill space. Water efficiency measures reduce water demand and preserve
Conservation
water resources. Land use measures conserve natural resources and protectthe long-
term viability of natural and working landscapes in the county. Open space
preservation also offers aesthetic and recreational benefits for community residents
as well as habitat for native wildlife and plants. Sustainable agriculture practices will
help preserve agricultural productivity and ecological health.
Many strategies to reduce emissions reduce waste by increasing efficiency, therefore
Cost Savings
reducing the costs to receive the same service (be that light, heat, water, or
transportation). Many measures offer downstream cost savings in addition to direct
utility or fuel cost savings, such as reduced health care costs, reduced need to invest
in marginal water or energy supply, lower maintenance costs, etc.
Many strategies to reduce emissions also help prepare communities for local climate
impacts by advancing the climate resilience goals adopted by the RCPA Board (see
Resilience �'
Chapter 6).
1.3 How Does This Plan Work?
1.3.1 A Regional Approach to Reducing GHG Emissions
Sonoma County communities have a long history of implementing and promoting initiatives to
protect the environment and conserve natural resources. This tradition includes creation of the
RCPA in 2009, the nation's first regional climate protection authority, in a move that recognized
both the magnitude of the challenge and the cross - jurisdictional nature of climate change and
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GHG emissions. If ever an issue called for a coordinated, multi - partner effort, it is climate change;
progress depends on Sonoma County communities working together. The approach in CA2020
calls for coordinated local actions to achieve a regional target— reduce countywide GHG
emissions to 25% below 1990 levels by 2020 — including leveraging initiatives already underway at
the state and regional (Bay Area) level. Long -term collaboration will also be needed to meet long-
term goals.
A regional GHG reduction goal —as opposed to individual goals for each community— recognizes
the shared nature of the challenge as well as the fact that Sonoma County communities each have
a different capacity to achieve GHG reductions; smaller communities typically have fewer
opportunities to achieve substantial GHG reductions.
Statewide GHG Reduction Efforts Have Local Impact
Statewide programs to reduce GHG emissions are a fundamental part of CA2020 and will deliver
over 50% of the GHG emissions reductions needed to achieve the 2020 target. For example, the
state's RPS will reduce the carbon content of electricity throughout the state, including Sonoma
County, yielding over 180,000 MTCO2e in annual GHG reductions locally. The CAP reflects the
impact of nine state measures that address issues related to the building energy and
transportation sectors.
1. Title 24 Energy Efficiency Standards for Commercial and Residential Buildings (Title 24)
2. Lighting Efficiency and Toxics Reduction Act (AB 1109)
3. Industrial Boiler Efficiency
4. Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS)
S. Residential Solar Water Heater Program (AB 1470)
6. Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS)
7. Pavley Emissions Standards for Passenger Vehicles
8. Advanced Clean Cars
9. Vehicle Efficiency Measures in AB 32
Local Government and Regional Agency Action
Although state programs are essential to meeting Sonoma County's HG reduction goal, they will
not be enough to reach that goal by themselves. Action by local governments and regional
agencies —the entities that control land use, infrastructure, and community services —is critical. It
will take the full combined efforts of local governments and regional initiatives, together with
state programs, to reach the County's GHG reduction goal. Together, CA2020 measures will
promote building energy efficiency and renewable energy production, support alternative
modes of transportation, enhance open spaces, and help reduce water consumption and
waste generation.
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The GHG reduction measures in this CAP were selected after a comprehensive review of potential
measures and after local community outreach meetings and workshops and consultation with a
Stakeholder Advisory Group (see Section 1.4). Measures recommended by the California Attorney
General and the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association were considered. In addition,
adopted CAPS from throughout California, each local community's general plan and local policies
and programs, and comments collected at meetings in each community were also reviewed to
develop the measures. Many of the measures in CA2020 build on local community initiatives that
are already underway, including local measures required under state law, like implementation of
the CalGreen building codes and adoption of local water - efficient landscape ordinances. Other
measures provide new opportunities for addressing climate change. Existing policies and
measures are summarized in Chapter 5, Community Greenhouse Gas Profiles and Emissions
Reductions for 2020.
This CAP identifies 14 GHG reduction measures for local agency implementation (see Section
1.3.2). Each city and the County reviewed the local measures and selected those to include in their
community's commitments. Thus, the specific combination of measures implemented in each
community will vary. Although no community will implement all 14 local measures and sub-
components, the individual commitments from each community combine into a comprehensive
GHG emissions reduction program that will help the county achieve its countywide goal.
Some of the local measures include voluntary, incentive -based programs that will reduce
emissions from both existing and new development in the communities. Other measures
establish mandates for new development, either pursuant to state regulations or through existing
programs. Local governments will also use CA2020 as a tool to communicate and solidify their
priorities within their communities.
CA2020 also includes GHG reduction measures that will be implemented by regional entities that
can provide some services and resources on behalf of all communities more efficiently than the
individual communities can on their own, especially the smaller cities. These regional measures
are a critical part of CA2020. For example, the Community Choice Aggregation measure
encourages residents and businesses to participate in SCP, which provides electricity with lower
carbon contentthan the state's RPS. Other regional entities included in CA2020 are RCPA,
Sonoma County Transportation Authority, Sonoma County Agricultural Preservation and Open
Space District, and the Sonoma County Energy Independence Program. There are 16 regional
measures to reduce GHG emissions, as discussed further in Chapter 3, Reducing Community
Emissions.
Successful implementation of these actions will require commitment from regional agencies, all
communities and their various departments, community groups, the development community,
and residents and businesses. For this plan to be successful, RCPA, regional entities, and
communities will adaptively manage implementation of CA2020 to ensure that the countywide
GHG reduction target is met and that measures are implemented as efficiently as possible.
Accordingly, RCPA and communities may revise measures or add new measures to ensure that the
region achieves its 2020 reduction target. If adopted and implemented priorto 2020, new federal
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l�
programs that achieve local GHG emissions reductions beyond state and local mandates may also
be added to CA2020.
Sector -based Emissions Reductions
GHG emissions inventories and reduction measures are grouped together into "sectors" that
enable an organized, countywide look at the human activities that contribute the most GHG
emissions and help focus actions where they can have the greatest emissions reduction. CA2020
looks at the following five community sectors.
Building Energy includes emissions from electricity generation and combustion of natural
gas and other fuels (e.g., propane, wood).
Transportation, Land Use, and Off -road Equipment includes emissions from on -road
vehicle fossil fuel combustion as well as emissions from equipment (e.g., construction
equipment) and off -road vehicles.
Solid Waste includes CH4 emissions from decomposing organic matter in landfills.
e Water Conveyance and Wastewater Treatment includes energy - related emissions from
water supply pumping and CH4 and N2O emissions from the wastewater treatment process.
Livestock and Fertilizer includes N2O emissions from fossil -fuel based fertilizer and CH4 and
N2O emissions from livestock and manure management. Other agriculture- related emissions
are accounted for in the other sectors. For example, emissions from traffic related to wineries
or grape growing are included in the Transportation sector.
This sector -based approach is the foundation for the analyses in Chapter 2, Greenhouse Gas
Emissions in Sonoma County, and Chapter 3, Reducing Community Emissions. These sectors are
also the organizing principle in Chapter 5, Community Greenhouse Gas Profiles and Emissions
Reductions for 2020.
1.3.2 Putting this Climate Action Plan to Work
Plan Adoption by RCPA, Cities, and County
CA2020 reflects an innovative, collaborative approach to responding to climate change. Individual
cities and counties throughout the state have adopted CAPS specific to their communities, but
CA2020 takes a truly regional (countywide) approach that coordinates the climate protection
activities of all the cities and the County to achieve a shared GHG reduction goal. This approach
recognizes that, by working together, Sonoma County's communities can achieve greater HG
reductions, and do it more efficiently than if each city and the County acted on their own.
The collaborative, regional approach also improves consistency among the participating local
agencies. This similarity will help home and business owners who are planning projects or
renovations in the cities and the county.
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As the lead agency, RCPAwill adoptthe CAP first (including certification of the Environmental
Impact Report prepared for CA2020). Following adoption by RCPA, each city and the County will
adopt its portion of CA2020 (see Chapter 5, Community Greenhouse Gas Profiles and Emissions
Reductions for202O) in a form appropriate to that community. Local adoption could take the form
of a General Plan amendment, ordinance adoption, resolution, or some combination thereof.
Once adopted, the cities, County, and regional agencies will implement the measures each has
committed to in their respective CAP adoption processes.
Implementation Framework
Sonoma County communities have set an ambitious target for GHG emissions reduction, one that
will require decisive and rapid action by the local partners. RCPA will coordinate and facilitate
implementation actions by the cities and the County, and by regional agencies (e.g., transit,
energy, waste). RCPA's role will include aggregating funding opportunities to leverage federal,
state, and regional grants; providing technical assistance to local partners; developing shared
tools and inter - community efficiencies; and accepting overall accountability for CA2020
implementation.
Each city and the County will develop its own implementation team for the actions that will occur
at the local government level. This will include designating a CA2020 Coordinator for each
community and an internal implementation structure scaled and organized appropriately to each
local agency. Among other things, the local CA2020 Coordinator will serve as the liaison between
the city /County and RCPA.
Given the immediacy of the 2020 GHG reduction target, timing is an important factor for plan
implementation. The CA2020 implementation plan organizes GHG reduction measures into three
groups, based on the lead time needed for each measure in orderto achieve results by 2020.
Please refer to Chapter 4, Implementation, and Appendix C for additional information regarding
implementation and the lead entities for each measure.
Monitoring and Adaptive Management
How will Sonoma County local governments, residents, and business know if their GHG reduction
efforts are effective? How can the County adapt to changing technologies, regulations, state (or
federal) policies, and community behavior changes? Not only will RCPA and local partners need to
track implementation of the local and regional reduction measures called for in CA2020, but the
comprehensive nature of CA2020 will require regular reassessment of community GHG emissions
and the overall direction of CA2020. To accomplish this, CA2020 calls for two interim GHG
emissions inventories before 2020: one based on 2015 emissions data and the other based on
2018 data. The RCPA Board will also conduct a mid- course review of overall CA2020 effectiveness
to allow time for changes that may be needed to stay on target. Where program tracking and
inventory updates indicate that CA2020's emissions - reduction strategies are not as effective as
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originally projected, RCPAwill work with local partners toad a ptively manage CAP
implementation and stay on target, including updating or amending CA2020, if warranted.
Equally important, the RCPA and its members will report to the community on the results of the
interim inventories and the mid - course review. Periodic public meetings and presentations to
stakeholder groups will occur and other outreach activities, including a public website and email
flyers, will be implemented to educate, engage, and empower the community.
Finally, CA2020 is part of a much longer -term effort that will be needed to reduce GHG emissions
in Sonoma County. As noted earlier, CA2020 focuses on relatively short -term actions to reduce
emissions by 2020 to a degree that is well beyond current state mandates (AB 32). However, even
with the ambitious GHG reduction goal in CA2020, further actions will be needed to meet longer -
term goals. Therefore, in adopting this CAP, RCPA will also adopt long -term goals to reduce GHG
emissions by 40% (compared to 1990) by 2030 and by 80% by 2050. Although the measures in
CA2020 will continue to achieve emissions reductions after 2020 and establish a trajectory for
reaching longer -term goals, another phase of climate action planning will be needed to meet the
goals for 2030 and 2050. This next phase will build on the measures in CA2020, informed by
monitoring and adaptive management, and take advantage of new technologies and climate
protection science that will be available in the future.
The Role of New Development in GHG Reduction
Sonoma County's population and economy will continue to grow between now and 2020, and
beyond. Some of that growth will result in new development, either on land that is now vacant or
as redevelopment with new or more intensive land uses. This new development will be a source of
additional GHG emissions in 2020, although emissions related to existing development and
activities will remain by farthe largest source of GHG emissions. By 2020, new developmentwill
account for about 5% of total countywide GHG emissions; existing development and activities will
account for 95% of countywide emissions. Emissions from new development are calculated as the
growth in emissions from 2016 to 2020, based on socioeconomic forecasts and other emission
projection methods (see Chapter 2). In other words, 2020 emissions are estimated to be 5% higher
than 2016 emissions.
To ensure that regional GHG emissions are reduced to 25% below 1990 levels, CA2020 accounts
for additional emissions from new development in the target inventory for 2020. Meeting the
community -wide 2020 GHG reduction target requires new development to be consistent with
climate goals by implementing measures that will minimize new GHG emissions. To accomplish
this, a "New Development Checklist" (see Appendix A) can be used in the entitlement and
permitting process at each jurisdiction that adopts the plan. New development projects that
incorporate applicable checklist measures will not only have lower GHG emissions than similar
projects had in the past, but they will also contribute to reaching the GHG reduction target set
forth in CA2020 by ensuring that emissions from new development do not exceed the GHG
"budget" allocated to new development in the 2020 target. Development projects consistent with
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this CAP may also take advantage of the permit streamlining available under the California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (see Section 1.5).
1.3.3 How Can Sonoma County Residents Help?
Learn about their Household Carbon Footprint
The everyday activities of Sonoma County residents, including driving a vehicle, using electricity
and natural gas to light and heat their homes, and throwing away household garbage, result in
GHG emissions. Many of these emissions are accounted for in the GHG inventory prepared for this
CAP, while others occur elsewhere due to the consumption of goods and services in Sonoma
County. Residents can learn about their household carbon footprint and how they can reduce
GHG emissions through their own actions —such as driving an electric vehicle, installing solar, or
buying electricity from SCP. Cool California ( http;/ /www.coolcalifornia.or� /) offers a user - friendly
tool that allows residents to calculate household emissions by answering questions relating to
travel, housing, food, and shopping habits. After completing the questionnaire, residents receive a
personal action plan with tips and actions to help reduce their household carbon footprint and
save money.
Participate in Programs to Reduce Local Emissions
The good news is that while human activities are a major climate change driver, we can also be
part of the solution. Once county residents take inventory of their household carbon footprints
and better understand their contribution to climate change, they can start taking actions to
reduce household GHG emissions and improve their economic picture, thereby helping to meet
the countywide GHG reduction target. Sonoma County residents can make impactful choices and
changes in their daily lives such as changing light bulbs to compact fluorescents or light- emitting
diodes, buying energy- efficient (ENERGY STAR) appliances, heating and cooling smartly, sealing
and insulating their homes, reusing and /or recycling materials that might otherwise be thrown
away, using water more efficiently, composting food scraps, and purchasing clean power (for
more information see http ; / /www3.epa.gov /climatechange /wycd /home.htmt).
Some of these individual or household actions will be facilitated through the regional or local
programs and strategies presented in CA2020. Other actions are based more on individual
commitment and choice. For example, individuals can learn about and make purchases that
considerthe carbon footprint and durability of household goods. This might include buying items
made from local, renewable materials orthat minimize packaging and shipping. Residents can
also make low - carbon lifestyle choices, such as walking or biking, using public transportation, or
eating less meat and more local vegetables.
Here are a few of the resources available to Sonoma County residents to help make these
changes.
® The Energy Independence Program is a County of Sonoma Energy and Sustainability Division
program that serves county residents and businesses as a central clearinghouse of
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information about energy efficiency, water conservation, and solar energy improvements. It
offers tools to property owners and tenants to find the information, resources, rebates,
contractors, and financing that fits their situation. See more at:
http:// sonomacountyenergy. org/ homepage / #sthash,3HWfDTmZ.dpuf.
Energy Upgrade California: Home Upgrade takes a "whole house" approach to addressing
home energy waste through building science, pre- and post - project testing, and energy
performance analysis to provide maximum energy efficiency results. More information can be
found at (707) 565 -6470 or http : / /bayareaenergyupgrade.ora.
Windsor Efficiency PAYS: Windsor residents and businesses can take advantage of the Windsor
Efficiency PAYS program, which provides water- and energy- saving upgrades for Windsor
residential properties that provide immediate utility bill savings, new water /energy saving
appliances, and drought- resistant landscaping —with no upfront cost or debt. See more at:
http:/ /sonomacountyenergy.org/ residential - programs / #sthash.2VBjpMOi.dpuf.
SCP is Sonoma County's official electricity provider, reducing costs and environmental
impacts of energy use for customers throughout Sonoma County. By participating in
CleanStart, SCP's default service, participants receive 36% renewable power. If residents or
businesses participate in EverGreen, they will receive 100% local renewable power for a
premium price.
CA2020 also includes several Advanced Climate Initiatives that, among other things, will focus on
working with Sonoma County residents to reduce consumption -based emissions. See Chapter 3
for more information on these Advanced Climate Initiatives.
1.4 Public Outreach and Community Engagement
CA2020 was prepared with input from community members, elected officials, and staff from the
partner agencies. Ten open house -style public workshops were held, including one in each city.
These meetings solicited public input on the types of reduction measures that should be included
in CA2020. The role of local governments in addressing climate change and reducing GHG
emissions was also discussed.
RCPA also provided an online survey that was distributed by email and social media. Additional
focus groups and meetings were held with local businesses, agriculture, and service groups.
Presentations and updates were given to city and town councils and the Board of Supervisors
throughout the project development process, and regular updates were provided to the RCPA
Board, The RCPA board held two public study sessions prior to development of CA2020.
The community dialogue that has begun with preparation of this plan will continue throughout
implementation of the GHG emissions - reduction measures.
All comments received from the community and the Stakeholder Advisory Group (see below) are
documented in Appendix F. Many of the comments support GHG reduction measures that are now
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included in CA2020. For example, enhanced transit service, expanded bike and pedestrian
networks, and promotion of electric vehicles were strongly supported as part of the CA2020
strategy to reduce transportation emissions. Likewise, many comments supported building
energy retrofits, distributed renewable energy generation, and sustainable agricultural practices.
The full range of GHG- reduction approaches suggested in public comments is, not surprisingly,
extremely varied and generally very forward looking. For example, commenters suggested
requiring point -of -sale energy audits, zero -net new water use in new developments, local
government divestiture from fossil fuel investments, and greater focus on schools and youth. The
measures included in CA2020 represent a subset of the ideas heard from the community. As noted
throughout this plan, CA2020 is one step on a long -term path to dramatically reduced GHG
emissions. Some of the suggestions gathered as part of the community outreach effort that are
not included in CA2020 may very well find a place in future climate action planning in Sonoma
County.
Lastly, it is important to acknowledge that a small but vocal segment of the community disagrees
with the scientific consensus about the threat posed by global climate change and opposes
governmental action to reduce emissions.
1.4.1 Stakeholder Advisory Group
To help guide the process, the RCPA Board of Directors selected a Stakeholder Advisory Group to
represent a diversity of viewpoints and technical expertise from each community. The main role
of the Advisory Group was to work with local agency staff to develop a CAP that will have broad
community support for the GHG emissions - reduction programs and measures needed to meet
Sonoma County's ambitious target. Three representatives from each city and two representatives
from each county supervisorial district were selected; some representatives had input from city
councils, though none were elected officials themselves.
The Stakeholder Advisory Group sought representation from a broad spectrum of interests,
including renewable energy, agriculture, viticulture, business, community non - profits, the
environment, transportation, socialjustice, environmental justice, real estate, health, economic
development, education, open space, waste, water, and building efficiency.
The Stakeholder Advisory Group met five times at key milestones during the project. All meetings
were open to the public and each meeting included an opportunity for the public to provide
comments. Several ad hoc working groups from the Stakeholder Advisory Group were also
convened during the development of the draft CAP to review detailed assumptions for certain
sectors.
1.5 Relationship between the CAP and CEQA
The cities of Cloverdale, Cotati, Healdsburg, Petaluma, Rohnert Park, Sebastopol, Sonoma, and
Windsor and the County of Sonoma will use CA2020 to comply with project -level GHG impact
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analysis requirements under CEQA. Santa Rosa will continue to use its adopted CAP for this
purpose.
The State CEQA Guidelines (Section 15183.5) allow the GHG impacts of future projects to be
evaluated using an adopted plan for reduction of GHG emissions, like CA2020, provided that the
plan meets specific requirements. The six requirements specified in the State CEQA Guidelines are
listed below with CA2020's compliance described in italics.
1. Quantify GHG emissions, both existing and projected over a specified time period, resulting
from activities within a defined geographic area. CA2020 quantifies GHG emissions from all
primary sectors within countyjurisdictions for 1990, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2040, 2030, and 2050.
2. Establish a level, based on substantial evidence, below which the contribution to GHG
emissions from activities covered by the plan would not be cumulatively considerable. CA2020
establishes a countywide GHG emissions target of251yo below 1990 levels by2020, a target that
goes well beyond the requirements ofAB 32 and puts Sonoma County on a trajectory to achieve
the even greater GHG reductions needed in the future. CA2020 includes a GHG emissions budget
for new development that will ensure that the countywide reduction target is met, even with
projected population and economic growth. The GHG reduction measures in CA2020 will reduce
project- specific emissions and thereby ensure that the new - development share of total future
emissions is not exceeded. Reducing and limiting emissions from new development is part of an
overall strategy that substantially reduces emissions countywide and, therefore, contributions
from new development that is consistent with CA2020 would not be cumulatively considerable.
Identify and analyze the GHG emissions resulting from specific actions or categories of actions
anticipated within the geographic area. CA2020 analyzes community emissions, bysector, for
the partner communities, including emissions from projected growth and development expected
by2020 and beyond.
4. Specify measures or a group of measures, including performance standards that substantial
evidence demonstrates, if implemented on a project -by- project basis, would collectively
achieve the specified emissions level. CA2020 includes specific measures to achieve the overall
reduction target (see Chapter3 and AppendixC).
Establish a mechanism to monitor the plan's progress toward achieving the H emissions
level and to require amendment if the plan is not achieving the specified level. CA2020
includes periodic monitoring of plan progress (see Chapter 4).
6. Adopt the GHG emissions reduction plan in a public process following environmental review.
As described in Section 1.3.2 above, a Programmatic Environmental Impact Report will be
prepared for CA2020 and the CAP itself will be adopted first by RCPA, followed by adoption of
community- specific portions by each local partner. The adoption process will include public
outreach and public hearings.
Once CA2020 is adopted, it may be used in the cumulative impacts analysis of later projects, a
process known in CEQA as "tiering." Tiering from the CAP potentially eliminates the need to
prepare a quantitative assessment of GHG emissions on a project -by- project basis, which can help
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3
streamline thee nvironmenta I review and permitting processes for these projects. To accomplish
this, future project- specific environmental documents must identify all applicable CA2020
measures and ensure that they are binding and enforceable by incorporating measures into the
project design or identifying them as mitigation measures. Future projects that incorporate
applicable CA2020 actions will not have a cumulatively considerable impact related to GHG
emissions and climate change (unless substantial evidence warrants a more detailed review of
project -level GHG emissions).
Appendix A provides a compliance checklist template to be adapted and modified for use by local
agency planning staff to assist in determining a project's consistency with CA2020 for the
purposes of CEQA tiering. Discretionary projects that utilize the checklist to demonstrate
consistency with all applicable mandatory local or regional measures in CA2020 can conclude that
their impacts related to GHG emissions would be less than significant under CEQA because the
project would be consistent with a qualified GHG reduction plan under State CEQA Guidelines
Section 15183.5.
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V = Local Measure (otherwise State or Regional) 2020 GHG Reductions
Measure 11 -L1: Senate Bill SB X7 -7 - Water Conservation Act of 2009* ✓ 3,761
Measure 11 -1-2: Water Conservation for New Construction* ✓ 86
Measure 11 -1-3: Water Conservation for Existing Buildings* ✓ 1,159
Goal 12: Increase Recycled Water and Greywater Use 13
Measure 12 -R1: Recycled Water* 13
Measure 12 -L1: Greywater Use* ✓ 0.2
Goal 13: Increase Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Efficiency
Measure 13 -R1: Infrastructure and Water Supply Improvement
Measure 13 -R2: Wastewater Treatment Equipment Efficiency*
Goal 14: Increase Use of Renewable Energy in Water and Wastewater Systems
Measure 14 -R1: Sonoma County Water Agency Carbon Free Water by 2015
Total State Measures
Total County Measures
Total Local Measures
Grand Total Emissions
*Measures reduce emissions in multiple sectors (i.e. water and energy)
NQ = not quantified
5.4.5 Municipal Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures
142
7
136
678
678
119,660
28,210
19,840
167,710
Like the other cities and the county, Petaluma has recognized the need to reduce GHG emissions
from municipal operations. Petaluma completed the "City of Petaluma Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Reduction Action Plan Analysis" in October 2009. This municipal climate action plan outlines GHG
reduction initiatives that the City can pursue for its facilities. The analysis and resulting GHG
emissions reductions include opportunities for improved municipal building efficiency, fleet
composition, street light retrofits, water /wastewater system improvements, and PV system
installations.
Although municipal GHG reduction measures are not part of this countywide plan, the efforts of
local communities are important and will continue in the future. Descriptions of potential
municipal GHG reduction measures are provided in Appendix E as an informational resource.
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5.4 Petaluma
This section presents the community greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions profile specific to Petaluma
and the measures that the City of Petaluma will implement, with the support of the RCPA and
other regional entities, as part of the regional approach to reducing GHG emissions.
5.4.1 Community Summary
Petaluma serves as the southern gateway to Sonoma County, located 3 miles north of the Marin
County- Sonoma County border and less than 20 miles south of Santa Rosa. Petaluma is known for
its thriving historic downtown district, rich agricultural heritage, and as a growing hub for food
and beverage processing, information communications technology, green services and
construction, diversified manufacturing, consumer products, health & wellness, tourism, and
recreation. Home to a diverse range of housing types, award - winning schools, and over40 annual
events and festivals, Petaluma is a family- oriented community with a strong sense of place with
easy access to wine country, the coast, and San Francisco.
Demographics
Petaluma spans 14.5 square miles and had a population of 57,941 as of the 2010 census. In 2020
the population of Petaluma is expected to be 61,122, an increase of 5% over 2010. Employment in
the area is expected to increase by 13 %. Petaluma's demographic composition in 2010 was 81%
White, 1% African American, 0.6% Native American, 5% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 9% from other
races, and 4% from two or more races. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin were 22 %.
As shown in Table 5.4 -1, the City is expected to experience steady growth in population, housing,
and jobs in the future.
Table 5.4 -1. Petaluma Socioeconomic Data
According to the 2010 Census data, Petaluma housing is majority owner - occupied with 65% of all
housing units owned and 35% rented.
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f
Actual
Projected
1990
2010 !
2015
2020 2040
2050
Population
43,184
57,941
59,440
61,122 68,542
71,980
Housing
16,062
22,198
22,862
23,508 26,362
27,670
Employment
26,145
31,537
33,644
35,738 38,488
39,897
Socioeconomic data were derived
from the SCTA travel demand model and incorporate input from the City based on its internal
planning forecasts.
According to the 2010 Census data, Petaluma housing is majority owner - occupied with 65% of all
housing units owned and 35% rented.
Climate Action 2020: Community Climate Action Plan 5-49 March 2016
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f
Energy and Water Use
Compared to households in the county as a whole, Petaluma households use less electricity and
water but more natural gas. They also use less electricity, natural gas, and water than households
statewide.
Table 5.4 -2. Petaluma, County, and State 2010 Average Energy and Water Use (per household,
per year)
Petaluma County
State
Electricity (kWh) 6,000 7,042
9,320
Natural Gas (Therms) 493 413
512
Water Use (Gallons) 73,268 75,810
107,869
Sources:
City Data: provided by PG &E (energy) and by the City of Petaluma Urban Water Management Plan.
County Data: provided by PG &E (energy) and the cities or their Urban Water Management Plans (water).
State Data: U.S. Energy Information Administration 2009, U.S. Geological Survey 2014, California Department of Finance 2015.
kWh = kilowatt hours
Transportation Commute Modes
In the inventory year 2010, most Petaluma residents (73 %) drove alone to work. The average work
trip for a resident of Petaluma is 293 minutes, higher than the county average of 253 minutes
(U.S. Census Bureau 2014).
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Bicyc
1%
Bt
4`'
Carpooled
12%
Figure 5.4 -1. Modes to Work in Petaluma in 2010
Worked at home
nther means _ ,
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2014: American Community Survey 2006 -2010
5.4.2 Petaluma's Existing Actions to Reduce GHG Emissions
Petaluma has already taken a number of steps to reduce energy use, promote renewable energy
use, and other actions that have already been helping to reduce GHG emissions. The City has
adopted the following programs, ordinances, and General Plan policies that help to reduce GHG
emissions and will support the implementation of the formal GHG reduction measures in this CAP.
Building Energy
o Residential Retrofits: Energy Upgrade California in Sonoma County - Whole House
Upgrade Program.
• Residential Appliance Upgrades: Programs through PG &E and other agencies.
• Solar Installations at Residences: Energy Upgrade California in Sonoma County - Whole
House Upgrade Program.
• Solar Action Alliance /Solar Sonoma County program.
• Community Choice Aggregation - General Plan Policy: Chapter - Policy 4 -P -28. Prepare a
feasibility report for the City of Petaluma forming a Community Choice Aggregation as a
way of supplying renewable energy to the community. (Petaluma joined SCP in 2014).
o Solar Subsidy - General Plan Policy: Chapter 4 - Policy 4 -P -32. Investigate the feasibility of
developing a City sponsored program to subsidize or assist homeowners in purchasing
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solar water heating or passive solar systems, or other forms of renewable energy, through
low - interest loans or property tax assessments. (Petaluma participates in the Sonoma
County Energy Independence Program and Property Assessed Clean Energy [PACE]
Financing Marketplace).
• Green Building Guidelines - General Plan Policy: Chapter 2 - Policy 2- P -118B. Prepare and
adopt green street standards, and incorporate these practices in design of City streets.
• Green Building Guidelines - General Plan Policy: Chapter 2 - Policy 2- P -118C. Prepare a
salvage ordinance that requires an inventory of usable materials prior to demolition.
• Incorporation - General Plan Policy: Chapter 2 - Policy 2 -P -119. Incorporate green
building principles and practices into the planning, design, construction, management,
renovation, operations, and demolition of all facilities that are constructed, owned,
managed or financed by the City.
• Evaluation and Implementation - General Plan Policy: Chapter 2 - Policy 2 -P -121.
Evaluate the success of the voluntary green program and develop and implement a
mandatory program for new residential, commercial and municipal development and
remodels.
• CALGreen Building Standards Code: Municipal Code Chapter 17.04.010 - Part 11.
CALGreen Tier 1 adopted as mandatory for residential and non - residential buildings.
• Energy Standards - General Plan Policy: Chapter 4 - Policy 4 -P -18. Develop and adopt
local energy standards that would result in less energy consumption than standards set
by the California Energy Commission's (CEC) Title 24 or updates thereto.
Land Use and Transportation
• Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan adopted May 2008.
• Multiple Modes - General plan Policy: Chapter 5 - Policy 5 -P -1. Develop an interconnected
mobility system that allows travel on multiple routes by multiple modes.
• Increased Transit Service - General Plan Policy: Chapter 5 - Policy 5 -G -42. Expand the bus
transit system so that it is convenient and provides frequent, regular service along major
City corridors serving education, shopping, and employment destinations, and SMART
park- and -ride lots.
• Subsidized Fares - General Plan Policy: Chapter 5 - Policy 5 -P -44. Maintain a transit
system of nominal cost, or no cost, to riders.
o Support Transit Oriented Development - General Plan Policy: Chapter 5 - Policy 5 -P -43.
Support efforts for transit oriented development around the Petaluma Depot and along
the Washington Street, Petaluma Boulevard, McDowell Boulevard, Lakeville Street, and
othertransit corridors. (Petaluma SMART Rail Station Areas: TOD Master Plan adopted
June 2013)
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x
o Transportation Demand Management - General Plan Policy: Chapter 5 - Policy 5 -P -13.
Encourage existing major employers to develop and implement Transportation Demand
Management programs to reduce peak period trip generation.
o Alternative Fuel Stations -General Plan Policy: Chapter 4 -Policy 4 -P -9. Require a
percentage of parking spaces in large parking lots or garages to provide electrical vehicle
charging facilities.
o Charging Stations - General Plan Policy: Chapter 4 - Policy 4 -P -10. Require electric vehicle
charging and alternative fuel facilities at all new and remodeled gas stations.
o Ride Sharing - General Plan Policy: Chapter 4 - Policy 4 -P -11. Promote ride - sharing and
car - sharing programs.
o Drive - Through Prohibition - General Plan Policy: Chapter 4 - Policy 4 -P -12. Prohibit new
drive -thru food and service facilities with the exception of vehicle serving businesses, such
as car wash and oil /tube, and limit expansion of the drive -thru components of existing
facilities which increase idling vehicles.
o Traffic Calming -General Plan Policy: Chapter 4 - Policy 4 -P -13. Require development of
traffic roundabouts, where feasible, as an alternative to a traffic signal, to reduce idling
vehicles.
o Transportation Tech -General Plan Policy: Chapter 4 - Policy 4 -P -14. Develop and
integrate Intelligent Transportation Technologies, as applicable, into Petaluma's
transportation system.
o Trip Reduction Ordinance: Municipal Code Chapter 11.90. Requirements for employers
with 100+ employees at a given work site to distribute information on the benefits of
alternative transportation, designate a transportation coordinator, and perform annual
surveys and reports on employee transportation use.
• Waste Minimization and Recycling
o Construction Phase Recycling Plan - General Plan Policy: Chapter 2 - Policy 2 -P -121.
Require development projects to prepare a Construction Phase Recycling Plan that would
address the reuse and recycling of major waste materials (soil, vegetation, concrete,
lumber, metal scraps, cardboard packaging, etc.) generated by any demolition activities
and construction of the project.
o Plastic Bottles - General Plan Policy: Chapter 4 - Policy 4- P -21G. Investigate and replace
bottled water in City offices with alternate source of drinking water.
o Compost- General Plan Policy: Chapter 4 -Policy 4- P -21D. Develop a residential and
commercial food waste composting program.
o Environmental Purchasing - General Plan Policy: Chapter4 - Policy4 -P -32. Develop and
implement a municipal Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program.
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o Green Purchasing -Genera I Plan Policy: Chapter 4- Policy 4- p -21D. Purchase goods
containing recycled materials for City use.
Urban Forestry and Natural Areas
o Required Tree Planting- General Plan Policy: Chapter 4- Policy4 -P -6A. Require planting
of trees for every significant tree removed at a project site. Replacement planting may
occur on the project site or on a publicly owned area, with long -term maintenance
assured. Encourage the use of trees which provide biogenic benefits to air quality and are
suitable to the local environment.
o Water and Wastewater Efficiency
o Sewer Lateral Replacement Grant Program: provides financial assistance to property
owners for the replacement of their private sewer lateral, which is often a source of
infiltration and inflow to the sewer collection system.
• High Efficiency Toilet Rebate: Up to $150 rebate for each high - efficiency toilet installed.
• High Efficiency Clothes Washer Rebate: Up to $125.00 rebates for high efficiency clothes
washing machines.
• Mulch Madness: Offers free mulch, compost, cardboard, an irrigation conversion kit and
free native plants from a local native plant nursery to those customers who wish to sheet
mulch their existing turf. Free volunteer labor for those that are unable to install measures
themselves.
• Smart Yard: improves landscape water use efficiency by assessing and installing water -
use efficiency irrigation and landscape systems. The cost of the systems and labor is
added to a monthly water bill. The charges are added to the water bill for 5 years, after
which the customer officially owns the system.
Multi- sector
o The City of Petaluma's Biomass -to- Biofuel Project would leverage highly optimized
anaerobic digestion technology and state -of- the -art biogas scrubbing technology to
produce more than 150,000 gallons gas equivalent of compressed natural gas (CNG)
annually. The biogas would be produced primarily from high strength waste, food waste
and fats, oils and grease, and wastewater solids. This renewable fuel would replace high
carbon intensity fuels with CNG that has a net negative carbon intensity for Petaluma's
transit fleet and its waste hauler's collection fleet. This project could serve as a model for
a local renewable fuel program. The project combines several features for reducing
carbon emissions:
• Efficiently producing and utilizing a very low carbon intensity, renewable vehicle fuel
as a replacement for high carbon intensity fuels, like diesel.
• Substantially reducing truck traffic and fuel consumption by keeping and treating
commercial food waste, FOG and food processing waste within the community
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Discontinuing the disposal of readily biodegradable waste in situations and landfills
where aggressive greenhouse gases are produced and difficult to contain.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
o General Plan Policy: Chapter4 - Policy 4 -P -15. Improve air quality by reducing emissions
from stationary point sources of air pollution (e.g., equipment at commercial and
industrial facilities) and stationary area sources (e.g., wood - burning fireplaces & gas
powered lawn mowers) which cumulatively emit large quantities of emissions.
Climate Action Plan - General Plan Policy: Chapter 4 - Policy 4 -P -27. The City shall prepare
a Community Climate Action Plan to identify and prioritize programs, projects, and
procedural policies that will help the City achieve the community greenhouse gas
emission goals of Resolution 2005 -118 (25% below 1990 levels by 2015).
5.4.3 Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Forecast
Figure 5.4 -2. Petaluma 2010 Community GHG Inventory by Sector
Water Wastewater
Solid Waste Conveyance Treatment
Ge
Off -Road
Transportation
and Equipment
2%
and
:k
Petaluma's inventory is similar to other cities in the county and state. The majority of the GHG
emissions are from the transportation sector due to fossil fuel combustion in personal and light -
duty vehicles. The next largest sector is building energy, which includes emissions related to
energy used to heat the homes and businesses in Petaluma. Residential uses account for most
Climate Action 2020: Community Climate Action Plan 5 -55
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March 2016
RCPA
u�
(54 %) of the building energy emissions in Petaluma. Commercial uses account for 46% of building
energy emissions. The other categories of emissions are much smaller in comparison to building
energy and on -road transportation.
In Petaluma, total GHG emissions generated by community activities in 2010 were 441,880
MTCO2e, which is approximately 17% of countywide GHG emissions in the same year. This is a 14%
increase from estimated 1990 emissions, which were 387,020 MTCO2e. Table 5.4 -3 shows the 1990
backcast, the 2010 inventory and business -as -usual (BAU) forecasts for 2015, 2020, 2040 and 2050
for the City of Petaluma.
Climate Action 2020: Community Clim ate Action Plan 5 -56 March 2016
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5.4.4 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goal and Measures
The City of Petaluma joins the other Sonoma County communities to support the regional GHG
emissions reduction target of 25% below 1990 countywide emissions by 2020 through adoption of
27 local GHG reduction measures. The City's GHG emissions under 2020 BAU conditions (in
absence of state, regional, and local measures) would be approximately 542,970 MTCO2e. The
City's local GHG reduction measures, in combination with state and regional measures, would
reduce the City's GHG emissions in 2020 to 375,260 MTCO2e, which would be a reduction of
approximately 31% compared to 2020 BAU conditions. The City will achieve these reductions
through reduction measures that are technologically feasible and cost - effective per AB 32 through
a combination of state (71 %), regional (17 %), and local (12 %) efforts. With the reduction measures
in CA2020, per- capita emissions in Petaluma will be 6.1 MTCO2e per person, a 32% reduction in
per capita emissions compared to 1990.
Table 5.4 -4. Petaluma 2020 GHG BAU Emissions, Reductions, and CAP Emissions
Figure 5.4 -3 shows Petaluma's 1990 and 2010 GHG emissions total, 2020 BAU emissions forecast
total, and the total emissions remaining after implementation of the City's reduction measures.
The contribution of state, regional, and local reductions are overlaid on the 2020 BAU.emissions
forecast total, representing the total emissions reductions achieved in 2020. Like the other
communities, Petaluma benefits greatly from the work the state and other regional entities are
committed to implementing on climate action. See Chapter for more information on state and
regional actions.
Climate Action 2020: Community Climate Action Plan 5-58 March 2016
Public Review Draft RCPA
5
2020
Reductions
Sector
BAU
County-
2020 CAP
Emissions
Reduction
Forecast
State
wide
Local
Total
from BAU
Building Energy
190,180
43,440
12,030
14,910
70,380
119,800
37%
On -Road Transportation
330,670
75,300
8,540
4,480
88,320
242,350
27%
Off -Road Transportation
10,290
910
-
310
1,220
9,070
12%
and Equipment
Solid Waste Generation
10,530
-
6,940
-
6,940
3,590
66%
Water Conveyance
750
-
700
10
710
40
95%
Wastewater Treatment
550
-
-
140
140
410
25%
542,970
119,660
28,210
19,84
167,71
375,260
31%
Total Emissions
0
0
71%
17%
12%
Values may not sum due to rounding.
Figure 5.4 -3 shows Petaluma's 1990 and 2010 GHG emissions total, 2020 BAU emissions forecast
total, and the total emissions remaining after implementation of the City's reduction measures.
The contribution of state, regional, and local reductions are overlaid on the 2020 BAU.emissions
forecast total, representing the total emissions reductions achieved in 2020. Like the other
communities, Petaluma benefits greatly from the work the state and other regional entities are
committed to implementing on climate action. See Chapter for more information on state and
regional actions.
Climate Action 2020: Community Climate Action Plan 5-58 March 2016
Public Review Draft RCPA
5
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Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures by Sector
As shown in Table 5.4 -5, the City of Petaluma will achieve its reduction goal through a
combination of state, regional, and local measures. State reduction measures are implemented
through state law, including some that require action by the City to comply with state mandates
(e.g., Title 24 energy efficiency measures). State measure reductions total 119,660 MTCO2e,
including the Pavley vehicle fuel efficiency standards, Title 24 building standards, the state's low
carbon fuel standard, and the RPS.
Regional measures will reduce emissions by 28,210 MTCO2e and will be implemented by regional
entities, including the Regional Climate Protection Authority (RCPA), Sonoma County Water
Agency (SCWA), County of Sonoma Energy Independence Office (ESD), Sonoma County
Transportation Authority (SCTA), and Sonoma Clean Power (SCP).
An additional reduction of 19,840 MTCO2e will be achieved primarily through locally adopted
measures relevant to the City of Petaluma. The locally adopted measures, although not as high -
achieving of GHG reductions as the state and regional measures, are important because they
represent the actions that local communities can take directly. The communities have local
control over their infrastructure and policies and have selected the local measures that best suit
the needs of their community.
The three measures that will have the greatest impact in Petaluma are, in order of importance,
Measure 2 -L4 (Solar in Existing Non - Residential Buildings), Measure 11 -L1 (Senate Bill SB X7 -7 -
Water Conservation Act of 2009), and Measure 8 -1_1 (Idling Ordinance). These three measures, in
addition to reducing GHG emissions, will save energy, improve air quality and public health in the
region, and conserve water and other natural resources. As the county and state continue to
experience a historic drought, water conservation will remain an especially important co- benefit.
On the state level, the RPS and the Pavley
measures have the greatest potential to
reduce emissions in the City. Of the regional
measures, the measures with the greatest
impact include the CCA measure, the waste -
to- energy measure, and the waste diversion
measure.
Table 5.4 -5 presents the individual GHG
reduction measures that Petaluma has
selected for the CAP. For more information
on the specifics of the measures, see
Appendix C.
Climate Action 2020: Community Climate Action Plan 5 -60 March 2016
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Tabte 5.4 -5. Petaluma 2020 GHG Emissions Reductions by Measure
J = Local Measure (otherwise State or Regional)
2020 GHG Reductions
Goal 1: Increase Building Energy Efficiency
9,650
Measure 1 -Sl: Title 24 Standards for Commercial and Residential Buildings
2,686
Measure 1 -S2: Lighting Efficiency and Toxics Reduction Act (AB 1109)
4,135
Measure 1 -S3: Industrial Boiler Efficiency
NA
Measure 1 -R1: Community Energy Efficiency Retrofits for Existing Buildings
155
Measure 1 -R2: Expand the Community Energy Efficiency Retrofits Program
2,259
Measure 1 -L2: Outdoor Lighting ✓
403
Measure 1 -1-3: Shade Tree Planting ✓
. -- __- ._ -.....
11
Measure 1 -1-4: Co- Generation Facilities ✓
1
Goal 2: Increase Renewable Energy Use
54,509
Measure 2 -Sl: Renewables Portfolio Standard 36,470
Measure 2 -S2: Solar Water Heaters 153
Measure 2 -R1: Community Choice Aggregation 9,479
Measure 2 -1-1: Solar in New Residential Development ✓ 106
Measure 2 -1-2: Solar in Existing Residential Building ✓ 1,889
Measure 2 -1-3: Solar in New Non - Residential Developments ✓ 97
Measure 2 -1-4: Solar in Existing Non - Residential Buildings ✓ 6,315
Goal 3: Switch Equipment from Fossil Fuel to Electricity 1,226
Measure 3 -Ll: Convert to Electric Water Heating ✓ 1,226
Goal 4: Reduce Travel Demand Through Focused Growth 1,401
Measure 4 -Ll: Mixed -Use Development in City Centers and Along Transit Corridors ✓ 1,201
Measure 4 -L2• Increase Transit Accessibility ✓ 130
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Measure 4 -L3: Supporting Land Use Measures ✓
NQ
Measure 4 -1-4: Affordable Housing Linked to Transit ✓
. .__ .._. -- - .._- ... -... .
71
Goal 5: Encourage a Shift Toward Low - Carbon Transportation Options
6,416
Measure 5-RI: Improve and Increase Transit Service
49
Measure 5 -R2: Supporting Transit Measures
NQ
Measure 5 -R3: Sonoma -Marin Area Rail Transit
NQ
Measure 5 -R4: Trip Reduction Ordinance
..._..___ ..._.. -.
1,294
Measure 5 -R5: Supporting Measures forthe Transportation Demand Management Program
NQ
Climate Action 2020: Community Climate Action Plan 5 -61
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RCPA
Measure 5 -1-4: Supporting Bicycle /Pedestrian Measures ✓
2020 GHG
Measure 5 -1-5: Traffic Calming ✓
Reductions
Measure 5 -R6: Reduced Transit Passes
1,198
-
Measure 5 -R7: Alternative Travel Marketing & Optimize Online Service
959
Measure 5 -R8: Safe Routes to School
2,662
Measure 5 -R9: Car - sharing Program
NQ
Measure 5 -R10: Bike Sharing Program
-
NQ
Measure 5 -L3: Guaranteed Ride Home ✓
NQ
Measure 5 -1-4: Supporting Bicycle /Pedestrian Measures ✓
NQ
Measure 5 -1-5: Traffic Calming ✓
255
Measure 5 -1-7: Supporting Parking Policy Measures ✓
NQ
Goal 6: Increase Vehicle and Equipment Fuel Efficiency
75,303
-
Measure 6 -S1: Pavley Emissions Standards for Passenger Vehicles and the Low Carbon Fuel
70,043
Standard
3,106
Measure 6 -S2: Advanced Clean Cars
2,140
Measure 6 -53: Assembly Bill 32 Vehicle Efficiency Measures
-
3,119
.. - .-- ._._._._-- - -....
Goal 7: Encourage a Shift Toward Low- Carbon Fuels in Vehicles and Equipment
3,513
Measure 7 -Sl: Low Carbon Fuel Standard: Off -Road
911
Measure 7 -Rl: Shift Sonoma County (Electric Vehicles)
2,338
Measure 7 -R2: Alternative Fuel for Transit Vehicles
38
Measure 7 -1-1: Electric Vehicle Charging Station Program ✓
3
Measure 7 -1-2: Electrify Construction Equipment ✓
224
Measure 7 -L3: Reduce Fossil Fuel Use in Equipment through Efficiency or Fuel Switching ✓
NQ
.....- .- _- _._ - -_... .
Goal 8: Reduce Idling
2,901
Measure 8 -Ll: Idling Ordinance ✓
2,818
Measure 8 -1-2: Idling Ordinance for Construction Equipment ✓
83
Goal 9: Increase Solid Waste Diversion
...__..._._. .
3,106
Measure 9 -R1: Waste Diversion Goal
3,106
. -..._ - -_. .
Measure 9 -1-1: Create Construction and Demolition Reuse and Recycling Ordinance ✓
-
<1
-
... -. -. _. - _- _- ...... .
Goal 10: Increase Capture and Use of Methane from Landfills
3,841
Measure 10 -R1: Increase Landfill Methane Capture and Use for Energy
3,841
Goal 11: Reduce Water Consumption
5,007
-
Measure 11 -R1: Countywide Water Conservation Support and Incentives
NQ
Climate Action 2020: Community Climate Action Plan 5 62
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