HomeMy WebLinkAboutResolution 90-095 04/02/1990Resolution No. 9~-95 N.C.S.
of the City of Petaluma, California
A RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE PRESERVATION GUIDELINES
AND STANDARDS FOR THE OAK HILL/BREWSTER HISTORIC DISTRICT
WHEREAS, by Ordinance No. 1796 N.C.S., the Oak Hill/Brewster Historic District
project area was zoned to create a~hstorlc Overlay District (H-2); and
WHEREAS, by action taken on February 27, 1990, the Planning Commission considered
and forwarded a recommendation to the City Council on the Preservation Guidelines and
Standards for the Oak Hill/Brewster Historic District; and
WHEREAS, the City Council finds that the requirements of California Environmental
Quality Act Guidelines Section 15083 have been satisfied and hereby incorporates by
reference the previously approved Negative Declaration.
WHEREAS, the City Council finds that it is the intent of the district to preserve the
"character" of the district, and not necessarily require historic or architectural perfection;
and
WHEREAS, the City Council further finds that said guidelines and standards shall be
applied to all properties within said District; and
WHEREAS, the City Council further finds that said guidelines and standards are
consistent with the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance; and
WHEREAS, the City Council finds that the guidelines and standards have been revised to
allow greater flexibility on minor alterations to structures; and
WHEREAS, the City Council further finds that there is sufficient opportunity for
individuals to appeal design decisions of the Historic and Cultural Preservation Committee
to the City Council;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Oak Hill/Brewster Historic District
Preservation Guidelines and Standards, attached and identified as Exhibit "A", are hereby
approved and adopted pursuant to Section 17 of Zoning Ordinance No. 1072 N.C.S., as
amended.
oakhi112 /council-1
Under the power and authority conferred upon this Council by the Charter of said City.
REFERENCE: I hereby certify the foregoing Resolution was introduced and adopted by the Approved as to
Council of the City of Petaluma at a (Regular) (AR~i~§a~) meeting ~'"~
1
on the .-2nd.-..•--_....._ day of ....................~1~ x'.].a,....:_...................., 19--...~.0 by the ,
following vote:
..-...--- -'ty Attor --y--•--....
AYES: Tencer, Woolsey, Balshaw, Davis, Vice Mayor Sobel, Mayor Hilligoss
NOES: Cavanagh
i
/"`__
ABSENT: Non
ATTEST : ............................................ ................................................
City Clerk Mayor
G~ouncil File ............................:...
CA 10-85 Res. No......9.0~-~~5~~~~~~~~~~ Q.C.S.
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Cit~ of Petalttrna
IL - PT
I I I
GLTIDELI~TES ~ S'TA DA S
Apri1.2,1990
P ESE ~T~T~ 1~
1
' City of Petaluma
Planning Department
~ 11 English Street
Petaluma, CA 94952
i ~
-, Oakhill/~rewster I~istoric District
Preser~a~ion Guidelines and. Stantl~rds
~
~ Citv Council Planning Commission
M. Patrieia Hilligoss, Mayor Daniel Libarle, Chairperson
Lynn C. Woolsey, Vice Mayor Ross Parkerson, Vice Chairperson
~ ' Jack Cavanagh Bonnie Nelson
Mike Davis Fred Tarr
Bonnie Nelson Don Bennett
Nancy C. Read E. Clark Thompson
~ Brian Sobel Linda Rahman
' ~
CityManager Planning Director
; John ScHarer - Famela Tuft
- Guidelines and Standards Author Historic District - Project Planner
Jane Lauder Pamela Tuff, Planning Director
~. Darcy Henry, Planning Technician
.' ~
Sketches of Histoiic Structures by: Ross Parkerson ~
', , Lettering/Graphics by: Darcy Henry, Planning Technician
Trae Cooper, Assistant Planner
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December 1991
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~ ~ '~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ '~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ ~ ~~ ~ r ~
' ~ ~ ~ Resolution No. q~-95 N.C.S. ~
~ of the City of Petaluma, Californi~
' 1
2
3
4 A RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE PRESBRVATION GUIIDELINES
1 5 AIVD STANDARDS FOR THE OAK HILL/.BREWSTER HISTORIC DISTRICT
6
7 WHEREAS, by Ordinance No. 1796 N.C.S., the Oak Hill/Brewster Historic District
8 project area was zoned to create~stonc Overlay District (H-2); and
' 9
10 WHEREAS, by action taken on February 27, 1990; the Planning Commission considered
11 and forwarded a recommendation to the City Council on the Preservation Guidelines and
~ 12 Standards for the Oak Hill/Brewster Historic District; and •
13
14 WHEREAS, the City Council finds that the requirements of California Environmental
' 15 Quality Act Guideli.nes Section 15083 have been . satisfied and hereby incorporates by
16 reference the previously approved Negative Declaration.
~ 17 ~ .
18 WHEREAS, the City Council ~inds that it is the intent of the district to preserve the
, 19 "character" of .the district, and not neeessarily require historic or architectural perfection;
20 and
22 WHEREAS, the City Council. further ~inds that said guidelines and standards shall be
23 applied to all properties within.said District; and
24
~ 25 WHEREAS, the Gity Council further finds that said guidelines and standards are
26 consistent with the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance; and
27
28 WHEREAS, the City Council finds that the guidelines and standards have been revised to
' 29 allow greater flexibility on minor alterations to structures; and
30
31 WHEREAS, the City Couneil further finds that there is sufficient o~portunity for
' 32 individuals to appeal design decisions of the Historic and C~ltural Preservation Committee
33 to the City Council;
34
35 NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Oak Hill/Brewster Historic District
1 36 Preservation Guidelines and Standards, attached and identified as Exhibit "A", are hereby
37 approved and adopted pursuant to Section 17 of Zoning Ordinance No. 1072 N.C.S., as
.. 38 amended.
~ 40 oakhi112 / couneil-1
'
Under the power and authority conferred upon this Councii. by the Charter of said Gity.
~ REFERENCE: I hereby certify the foregoing Resolution wes introduced and adopted by the A roved as to
Council of the City of Petalumn at a(Regular) (A ° ') m~~g ;
on the~ ..2ad._.....__-• day °f --•-• ................E1~ za.~......._.._.........---.., 19._...~.Q by the ,
following vote: _ ........ .. .......... _..._--•.._.
~ ~ ' Atto y
. AYES: Tencer, Woolsey, Balshaw, Davis, Vice Mayor Sobel, Mayor Hilligoss
, NOES: Cavanagh
. ABSENT: Non ~--- " ~
' AZ'TEST : .. .. ..........._........... .....----•--- -........_................_._._.....---•--•
~ City Clerk
Gbimcil Fil .____.
CA IO-85 Res. Na .....9.Q•-. •5•••.•••••• ,+1.C.S.
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' Preservation ~Guidelines and~5tandards
~ Oakhill/Brewster Historic District
Petaluma, California
'
1 I. INTRODiTCTION AND DESCRIPTION ~
The Oakhill/Brewster residential district, with its great diversity of architectural
~ styles, vividly portrays the historic evolution of Petaluma homes. Encompassing one
of the earliest residential portions of Petaluma, and still a dynamic and desirable
neighborhood, this district gives the viewer an awareness of the continuity of
1 Petaluma's architectural heritage.
There are a few locations, such as the west side of the 300 and 500 blocks of I-Ioward
Street and the east side of the 20U block of Liberty Street• where clusters of very
1 'impressive homes are seen. Otherwise, most blocks consist of rnodest to moderately
substantial homes of successive historic periods along witb a few "mansions". Most
~ block faces show excellent continuity of period, form, and scale within each block.
, Taken as a whole, the neighborhood forms a nearly continuous fabric of a century of
vintage architecture, representing most major residential styles from the 1850's
through the 1980's. The rnore modest dwellings provide an appropriate setting to
the elaborate homes scattered throughout, whicfi in tum lend some of their elegance
~ to their surroundings.
Oakhill/Brewster is almost entirely residential, with the exception of two school
' sites, and a few professional offices~ on the periphery. By far most of the dwellings
are single-family homes, although. th`ere are several agartment buildings, and about
a dozen duplexes, as well as about a dozen rear-yard cottages. Most residences have
' detached garages in rear of .lot. With .few exceptions, street trees are noticeably
lacking; making overhead utility lines unpleasantly noticeable. There are virtually
no street trees on Liberty Street. Nonetheless, the narrowness of most' of the streets,
and the short length of most blocks, gives a very cozy neighborhood feeling to the
i ~ entire district. Lots are ~enerally fairly small, and this consistency of use and size
has resulted in a compatibility of building scale throughout the 140-year history or
the neighborhood. A few multi-unit' dwellings and professional buildings, on in-fill
~lots; ignore the adjacent architectural styles of the streetscape. Presently, there are
,' just thiee vacant lots.
' Features which~ help to provide visual consistency throughouf the district are the
cobblestone curbs and gutters, and the rust~icated ashlar retaining wa11s at the
sidewalk. There is a hi
is no doubt responsibgh degree of ,owner-occu~ancy in the nei~hborhood, and this
1e for the high proportion of well-mamtarned properties,
, regardless of size. There is a~reat deal of potential for future appreaiation in value
. even for the few unimpressive and neglected properties, as nearl~ all possess
. significant architectural and historical value. Histonc district zorun~ has been
~ shown to consistently increase property values, in part by encouraguig historic
restoration of buildings.
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~ The earliest documented structure in the . district is the Goshen house at 619
Prospect Street, built prior to T856, and new buiidings have been built right up until
the 1980's, with every intervening decade,:represented. Many very early structures
have been incorporated into larger, relatively. "newer" buildings, although m most
such cases, enou gh of the historic fa bric remams to provi de c lues to t he in tereste d
observer. Not to be overlooked are the many :early barns, eleai testament to
Petaluma's agri`c~iltural past. The stabiTity of `this neighborhood may be read in the
general .integnty of even those structures which have been altered or "improved"
over the years. For the most part, these changes have been respectful of the ori~inal
identity of the buildings, or are reversible. ~HisCoric~ architectural integnty is critical
to continued neighborhood integrity. In this district, very few~ resources have been
so thorouglily "remodeled" as to make ~ restoration unfeasible. Thoughtful
preservation yv~ll help maintain the value of the all the structures.,
Historic buildings and their settings are ~rese Ied for a number of ~ reasons,
~ including the ennchment of cultural, and architectural ydentity, tbe maintenance of a
sense of plaae and character, and the stabilization ~of property values. Qne of the
tools °for protecting an historic setting is to create i an histonc district and- require
than any changes to the exterior eharacter be. approved by an appointed design
review board. This review board could be made up in a vane.ty of ways, including
property owners in the neighborhood as well as qualified desi~n ,professionals from
the ¢ommunity. The rnain considerations should be architectural history and
integrity with realistic goals and standarcls. ~
This architectural inventory. is intended to :be an overview of, the: district based on
descriptions of the individnal structures. ~ A summary of the ~,arcliitectural styles
encountered follows.
~ ~
Architectural styles~ in the Oakliill~lBrewster Histo'ric District span the gamut of .
popular;styles from 185.0 to 1990. . Since ;this .is ,a residential.neighborhood whrch has
grown as an organic entity over time, many transitional expressions of concurrently
,popular styles are evident. Wherever possibl:e, style designations in the
accompan}nng survey are base.d on .the most predominant characteristics of fhe
structure. The term "vernacular" has been r.eserved for those structures with little or
no discernible style attributes, although by a broader d'efinition, nearly every
structure in the district, composed primanly of modest, builder-built structures, is a
vemacular design. Dates given are the penods`when these styles were most~popular
~ in the azea. Specific examples :ma~+ have been eonstructed a few y,ears earlier or
later. Observed architectural styles include; '
~
~ 1. Greek Revival (185U - 1865~: Qne and one-half or two story houses with a
. simple gable .roof of moderate pitch, Gables ~can be at front or side. The
roofline is emphasized with a wide..band of molded .frim, or even a simple
box cornice, which often "returns" ;a shor.t distance onto the ~gable. Porch
columns are usually slender and square, wi1tli a simple built-up capital and
~.base. Trim is simpie and .angular-: Windows typically have six~~panes in each
` sash, double. hung, although narrow casement~ windows are occasionally seen
also, and often a simplified crown; or: pediment at the cap.
2. Gothic Revival (1860 -- 1880~; Two. to three ~story houses with moderate to
steeply pitched roofs, usually witli steep cross gables. Walls extend straight
~ into gables, vv~thout horizontal tnm. Windows commonly extend into gables,
often with a pointed-arch (Gothic) shape. ~ Ornate "gingerbread" on the
vergeboard is typieal. ~
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3. Italianate (,18'60 :- 1885~: Low ~itched g~bles or hip roofs on otherwise
, vertically oriented structures. Hip roofs are often truncated, with a molded
cornice at both top and eaves. Eaves are enclosed with flat horizontal soffits,
which are su pported by ornate brackets on .a frieze. Trim is el'aborated
classical moti fs, in an attenuated vertical~.expression. Pediments are a typical
' detail, often suggested by cornice returns at gables or cross-gables. Tall,
narrow windows, sometimes curved or arched at top, usually have molded
crowns or elaborate bracketed hoods. Two nanow vertical panes in each
' sash, or less commonly four with cross-muntins, are typical.
t~(1880 - 18901: All wood and -~roud of it. Gabled roof of
4. Stiak S
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moder.ate to steep pitch. A variety of milled siding textures and applied trims
~ outlining surface changes, fretwork and spindle5, in gable fillets and porch
friezes, and large ornate brackets of various designs are characteristic.
~ 5. ueen Ann 1880 - 1910 : One to three sto .ry houses with moderate to
steeply pitched ~hip roof o irregular shape, usually with a dominant front-
~ facing gable.. Distinctive features are nulled stock: wood trim, pattern cut
shingles cutaway bay windows with brackets and pendants, towers, fanciful
poiches, and lacy ~igsawed trim. Stained glass is also common.
, 6. Shingle Style (1880 - 1910): Wall cladding and (original) roofing of
co in nuous wood shingles, sometimes only above the first story: F1ov~nng
curves are characteristic of the building forms and/or the laymg of the
shingles. Steeply pitched roof, often with dormers of various shapes.
, ~Deeorative trim is restrained, either simply Romanesque classical forrns or
. rudimentary. The variant most commonly seen in the Oakhill/Brewster
. district has a steep front. gable, usually segmented horizontally, with a pent
. roof.
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7. Beaux Arts ~1885 - 1940~: Usually institutional structures of stucco, brick, or
stone. Parapeted flat roof buildings are generally simple in plan, with
~ lavishly elaborated alassical trim.
. 8. Italian Renaissance Revival (1895 -. 1935); Symmetrical masonry structures
' with low-pitehed hip roof with wide eaves on large decorative ~brackets.
.Simple fenestration, commonly with arches at the first story.
1 9. Classical Revival ~1895 - 1915~: One or' two stor~+ house on. a raised
foundation, with hip roof and tiny dormer (.s). Detailing is classical, with
shortened columns resting ~on a solid porch railing. Porches are usually
recessed within the rectangular plan. Shallow bay windows are common.
r 1 Pr ' - 1 2 ~ H rizontal lines are em hasized with wide
0. . aine ,1900 9 0). o p
overhanging eaves, .grouped bands of windows, ~and strong horizontal
' detailing ;on these typically two story houses, often with one story wings or
porches.
' 1 L Craffsman (1905 - 1930~: "Hand-crafted" materials and forms are
~ characteristic, along with low-pitched s~reading gable or hip roofs intended
to convey a feeling of unity with the srte. Matenals include rough stucco,
clinker brick, cobblestones, and shingles, as well as standard milled wood
~ sidings. °Trim usually includes decorative expressions of structural elements,
' - 3
such as :rafters, beams, purlins, lintels, trusses,land braces, altho~tgh tfiese are
often .non-functional. ' Most commonly porches have tapered square piers or
posts. ,
12. Colonial Revival .(1910 - 1955~: One or two story houses, very symmetrical,
with (usually) a..center door which is: emphasized. by a~portico or crown with.
multin le ane ~~ ters, and~ sideli hts' oi. fanli ht. Windows usually have
P, g g
p p s__ each sash, and appear in adjacent pairs. The gambrel roof
"Dutch Colonial`'. is a variant. ,
13. Eclectic Period Revival (1915 -1940~. Fanciful, stylized versions of a wide
. range of historic precedents, often mixing characteristics of disparate sources,
sometimes with only a few simple details to evoke the ~eriod feeling, these
are usually modest- one ~or two story homes. Detailmg is drawn from
provincial European sources, such as Tudor, ~ English "storybook" cottages,
Nlediterranean villas, etc. .
. ~ . -
14. Intemational S,t~ 1925 - 19851: Flat roofs, ~ smooth wall surfaees without
deeorative door and window trim, and fxee-floating "curtain walls" are
~ characteristic: Bloeky cantilevered projections'are common.
15. War-era Suburban~ (194U - 1950~: Minimally detailed traditional one or two
story houses, with lgw to moderate pitch ~able roofs with, close eaves :and
ve"ry little decorative trim. Horizontally divided windows are common. What
detailing there is,-is generally reminiseent'of penod revival styles. ~
;
16. Ranch 'Style ~1940 ~~ 1975~. - Originated in Califorma, these one story houses
feature long, low, rambluig forms: Facades are wide ~and asymmetrical
under a low-pitched galile .or hip roof,; often with a; garage as an .integral part
of the house.
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PZJItPOSE OF HISTORIC AND CULTURAL PRESERVATION COMMITI'EE
REVIEW
The purpose of preservation review is to secure compliance with the Zoning
Ordinance and to promote the general welfare of the City of Petaluma, as called for
in Article 17.
The intent of these preservation guidelines and standards is to ensure that the
characteristics which justif~ designation of the Oakhill/Brewster Historic District
are maintained. Thus, it is crucial that the existing harmony of proportions and
materials be enhanced rather than interrupted by new construction, reconstruction,
alterations, or additions. Style characteristics of each individual structure must
remain within the vocabulary of details consistent with its particular style.
Construction, reconstruction, or rehabilitation of any building within the Histonc
District must be accomplished. within the parameters of scale, materials and
detailing ty~ical of pre-1930 structures, and must be of a design that is consistent
and denvative of one of the styles authentic to the District. Accessory structures
such as garages, sheds, barns and gazebos, as well as principal structures, must be
treated in accordance with these guidelines and standards. ,
Exterior building ~ or demolition application with the Oakhill/Brewster Historic
District will trigger review by the Historic and C~ltural Preservation Committee
(SPARC plus two "historic" members) with the follbwing exceptions:
1. Minor construction and reconstruction can be administratively approved.
2. Painting or repainting of exterior surfaces, reroofing, fencing, landscaping,
glazmg and installation of lighting fixtures aie not regulated.
3. Emphasis of tiistoric review is on portion visible to the public, with greater
leeway pernutted in areas not viewed by the "public at large".
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III. APPLICATION OF GUIDELINES AND ;STANDARDS ' ~
~ The proposed Guidelines and Standa.rds are specific in nature and intended to be ~'
stringent. In order to be effective in meeting the intent of preservation, they must
be applied to all reconstruction and major remodeling,` as weIl as to all new
construction. ~
A. Conformitv
Construetion, alteration, demolition or removal work for which a City permit - i
is required is prohibited in a.designated Historic District unless reviewed' by
the Histonc and C~ltural. Preservation Committee. Planning Commission
approval is not required after C~ltural and Historic Preservation Committee '
review. ~
B. Perrriit Required ~ ,
No person -shall do any construction of any type within a historic district
unless excepted by the designating ~ordinanee or of a type which does not
affect the exterior a~pearance of the district or any structure in the district '
without first obtauung review by the Historic and Cultural Preservation -
Committee. ~
C. Permit Application ~ ,
Applieation shall include plans :and specifications showing the.'proposed
extenor ~appearance, color, and texture of materials, `and the proposed '
architectural design of the exterior ~ of the structure. Where required,
applications shall also show the relationship of the proposed work to the
environs. If the ap~lication does not provide sufficient information for
~
review by the Histonc and C~ltural P,reservation Committee, the Planning
Department shall request the omitted information from the applicant, and
the appliaant shall supply it (Section 17-502). '
The proposed work will neither adversely affect the exterior architecturaT
characteristics or other features of ~he propert~ which is the subject of the
application, nor adversely affect its relationship in terms of harmony and '
appropriateness with ifs surroundings, including neighboring structures, nor
adversely affect the character, or the historical, architectural, or aesthetic
interest or value of the district (Section 17=507.2). '
D. Overlay Zoning ~ ~ , .
Controls and s~tandards .established in :this document are intended to override ,
requirements of the base ,zoning district in such cases as there is a
discrepancy or conflict between the respective requirements (Section 17- .
403). '
This historic di'strict designation is an overlay zoning. Properties within this
district, are ,still. subject to the base zoning rec~uirement,s, Municipal Code, ,
LJniform Building Code, etc. Within this lustoric district, the Historic
Building Code may' prevail, but any deviation, from the Uniform_ Building
Code in effect at the time shall be considered on a case-by-case basis. '
'
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I IV. STANDARDS FOR REVIEW ,
, All construction work on existing buildings, -is to be reviewed for consistency with
"The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for
Rehabilitating Historic Buildings" (1983 Edition). A brief summary of the
Standards is as follows:
' ~ 1. A propeity shall be used for its historic u
~ rpose or be ~laced in a new use
~ that requires minimal change to the defining eharactenstics of the building
' and its site an d environment.
2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The
~ removal of Historic materials or alteration, of features and spaces that
characterize a property shall be avoided.
3. Each proper.ty shall be recognized as a physiaal record of its time, place, and
~ use. Chan~es that create a false sense of historical development, such as
adding con~ectural features or architectural elements from other building,
~ shall not be undertaken.
, 4. Most properties change: over time; those changes that have acquired historic
. significance in their own right shall be retamed and preserved.
, 5. Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of
craftsmanship fhat characterize a historic property shail .be preserved.
' 6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than re~laced. Where
the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a~ distinctive feature, the
new feature shall match the ~old in design, color, texture, and other visual
qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features
' shall be substantiated by documentary, pbysical orpictorial evidence.
' 7. Cherrucal ~.or physical -treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to
historic materials shall not be used. The surface cleanin g of structures, if
a p p r o p ri a t e, s h a l l be un der ta ken using t he gent lest means possible.
, 8, Significant archaeological resources affected by a proJ'ect shall be protected
and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures
. shall be undertaken. .
9. New :additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not
destro~~y.historic materials that characterize the pro~erty. The new work shall
be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the massing, size,
scale, and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the
property and its environment.
~
,
I!
10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken
in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential forrn and
integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.
7
~
The idelines which follow a 1 to new - '
gu _ pp y construction or ma~or reconstruction, and
are intended to summarize and extend the Secretary of the Interior's Standards to ..
those situations not addressed therein. ~
A. Architectural
1. Style: No structure listed, on the Oakhill/Brewster District Inyentory '
is to be altered from or reconstructed in anything other than its
original architeetural style. :Except ~. where tliey are~ of historic
sigruficance in theii own nght, accessory structures° are to rnatch their ~ ,
pr-incipal structures in style. New buildings, or existing' structures not
previously listed on~the District !Inventory and being rehabilitated, are
to be in a style derivatiye of one of the District's: authenric styles, ~as '
listed in Section I. ~
All structures deemed totally destroyediwill be rebuilt to ~approxi:mate
one of the st~iles listed on the Historic Resouree Inventory unless one '
of the following occur: ~ .
a. ~ The cost to rebuild in any one; of the designated styles will . '
exceed by 10% the cost to rebuild in the same style as presently
existing; and, ~
a
b
Th
i
n
d ~
. .
ere are no
nsura
ae proceeds ito covei the
ifference.
2. Design: All additions, restoration, alterations or reconstructions are
to be consistent with the structure's original design. In the case of ,
structures built after 1930, the design will be evaluated for intemal
consistency and straightforwardness, as well as for adherence to a
particular style theme derived from one of the Distnct's authentic '
styles. '
Architecturai design features on the sides and. rear of a building must '
remain . consistent 'v~nth the front facade. Eclectic assembiages of
architectural motifs, or "tacked-on" details designed to artificially
back-date a building. to some arbitr~ary earlier period, are not ;,
acceptable for this District.
Since a neighborhood is an organic entity, there may be historic
structures which have additions datin~ from a later era than the
ori~inal "core" of the building. To m~untain these later additions in,
theu _own historic period ean be as valid as a full-seaYe restoration. to a
building's original design. Structures wliich are entirely new, or which
have been. built in. the ~recent past ~since 1940±), can enhanee the
neighborhood through use of scale, materials, and desi~n motifs
drawn from one of the inventoried sty.les, while still pro~ecting an
original and current design: .
'
8 ~
'
'
~
~ 3. Arrangement: ~
' ~
a. Setback: No buil
ding is to be set further forward on rts lot
~ than the average of the immediately adJ'acent building
setbacks. The front wall of
the structure should be no further
,
back from the street than either adjacent building (other than
garages and sheds).
' b. Side Yards: Attention should be given to maintaining the
rhythm of solid mass. to open space along the front of a
~partrcular block face, i.e., side yards are to be similar in
, proportion to those of the immediate neighborhood.
c. Height; The height of a.new structure or addition is to be
1 withui 20% of the average height of immediately adjacent
buildings.
d. Roofline: Roofslope, eaveline, etc., are to be evaluated in
~ terms of consistency with the immediate neighborhood.
e. Facade; Rhythm of voids to solids in the facade wi~ll be kept .
, similar to facade proportions in the. immediate neighborhood.
The overall pro~ortions of the front facade of a new structure
shouTd be considered in relation to those of facades in the
' immediate neighborhood. For instance, height, width, and
location (i.e:, centered?) of the entry should be harmonious
with the immediate neighbors. This would include proportions
and ,location of porches and/or entry stairs. Proportions and
' orientation of window openings should be evaluated in relation
to adjacent structures also. In this neighborhood, horizontal
forniat windows would almost never be appropriate, although
' horizontal bands of vertical windows could be entirely
appropriate within the context of certain distinct styles, such as
Craftsman, Tudor, etc.
' 4. Texture and: Materials: Roofing, siding and trim materials should be
as historicaily accurate as possible. That is, original materials are to
be preserved, restored, or replaced in kind. Where no original
~ matenals exist, new materials of historically appropriate texture and
proportion are to be used. Architectural details .such as cornices,
finials, brackets, balustrades, chimneys, fretwork, mouldings, arches,
uoins
bar
eboa
d
i
i
' q
,
g
r
s, etc., are p
votal in establ
shing and delineating
architectural ,styles, and must be re"tained, restored, or reproduced as
. authentically as possible. ~
, Texture is also a product of the spacing and relationship of voids to
solids in such elements as balustrades, exterior stairs, brackets,
' fretwork, etc. In this regard, the proportions of the original or of an
authentic neighbor are to be followed. S~indly railings, wide-spaeed
banisters and open risers on stairways are inappropriate.
~
' 9
'
B.
C.
D
~ ,.. '
Materials or textures which never existed in the pre-1930 historical
context of the District are not to 'be used'; `i.e., aluminum-frame ,
~ • ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~
windows and .doors, slumpstone ,, ~ Stucco-stone ,. Texture .1-11
siding, "Tex-Cote" paint, asbestos shingle siding, aluminum siding, or
otlier ~obviously synthetic materials.
. , ~
5. Color.: The color scheme :should be harmonious with surrounding
structures and consistent with the aichitectural tiine period of the
building. Reference works on period color schemes are available, and
~ '
shall be consulted. Old photographs of your building, or similar ones,
can provide good ,clues as to the nurnber of colors and relative
tonalities (dark or light) to use. , ~'
Accessory Fixtures .
Original fixtures such as lighting, hardware, trellises, gazebos, etc:, should be ,
retained and restored whenever possible. Replacement of accessory fixtures
in appropriate period style is required, when restoration is impossible.
,
~
Landscane
Old photograp hs of the neighborhood contain a wealth of examples of period
l
°
d
f
~
i
d
'
an
ng ari
. paving.
,
s¢aping,
e
nc
1. Eencing: Fencing, walls, and screenirig should be in style, materials,
'
th the building architecture and
. proportions, and color_s harmoriious wi '
with the immediate neighborhood: ~
2. Plantings: Plant types should be harmonious with the building '
architecture and with the surrounding ar.ea. 12eference works on
period .gardening are available. ,1Vlature trees are to be preserved
whenever possible, particularly street.t'rees. ,
Street -tree planter strips shall be maintained or, where feasible,
recreateci or created. S'election of street trees shall be subject to staff
ap~roval. It is desirable to continue~ with the same species in the '
neighborhood to cr.eate a coritinuous visual effect.
3. Paving: ~ Paving materials should be consistent with the building '
architecture and with t~he immediate neighborhood. Period-style
pavings such as brick, rolled gravel, or ~fieldstone are encouraged. No
~ moie than the greater of 200. square feet or one-third of the front yard '
' of any lot, should be hard-surface~i. ! Cobblestone. curbs shall be
retained and repaired if. necessary, Sidewalks shall be repaired if the
scope of the project justifies the expense, othervvise, they shall be
patched subject to staff approval. '
Public Aceess Easement Dedication. on Allevs ~
Construction :on arcels abuttin three~ alleys in this district, Pepperschool ~
Alley, Hill Opera Alley, and Telephone Alley, are regui'red to record a
Publrc Aceess Easement on their deeds five ; feet in depth along the alley
frontage. No fences or structures shall be permitted wrthin this easement. '
~ '
10.
'
'
'
'
E.
'
~~ur / ~k
' g/~/~
'
'
~
'
~_ J
This will allow for the widening of fhe alleys from ten feet to twenty feet.
This will permit rear yard access to~garages and parking .areas as well as
sufficient widtfi to pemut two-way ttaffic in the a1Tey's. The subject parcels
are within the area defined by the east side of Keokuk Street to the west side
of Kentucky Street lietween Washington and Prospect Streets and the area
between the east side of Keokuk Street and tfie west side of Liberty Street
between Prospect and Oak Streets (see illustration).
Signs . - .
1. The design, color; and texture of signs shall be coordinated with the
historic tiuilding.
2. All signs shall conform to the Sign Section of the City of Petaluma's
Zoning Ordinance.
3. External spot or floodlighting .shall be ~ arranged so that the light
source is screened from public view.
11
~AKHILL-~IZE~ST'EI~
I~IST .: . ~ ..
ORIC DI:~TRI~~'
. .;
-r ~ . ~b I `~~
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P tiv E lUC~Y g?' . ~.~
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. `e - ~ per4
. ~q~' f rQ c ~~4 d~.,,
NILL "'~F~
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`pT,q.. ~ ti -PLAZA PK. 4~
kv~
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. w, rAE~, ' ~ rt ~
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' A,( 'TRFF 5~~~ ~/QE ~
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/ . h
~ P ,~~4~ kE~kG
0 0, ~Y . STq
' ~ or r
G9, ~ ~v w L ti
t~'~ yQ . , S T \2
~.. ~ ~ ~
~.p" , STR' : T 4. i 3v
F~
r
OAK MIiL ~ ~ ~ ~R;O
~
PARK h
~ ' HIGN ~~ o
~~
~ P.OST S, , EE ~
~ ~„?r =
N
P { ~~ J
~ UP,HA'~q '~ i -
~~J ~ :!STq>EET W
PJ 4 1
. ': .. . N, ~~ ~
;
f. P
9~~ ~ ~
\ ~
~~ BOUNDARY 4F OAK~iILL-~REWSTER HISTORIC DISTRICT
AItEAS 6VHERE ALLEYS ARE 'TO BE W~DENED
~'he :Secret;~i-y of the In~erior's
S~n~°ds for Reh~bilit~tion ~Zev. 1990)
and Guicielines for I~ehab~litating
I3istor~c ~uil~n~s
U.S. I~partra~ent of the Interior
National Park .3er~ice
~eserv~tion Assistance Division
i~ashiregton, I).C.
i~
I
,~
I~~
I~
i~ '
. .~~ _
; ,.I ,
~I
ti
r ,
~
~
~. ,
~' ,
,
~~
Th~ S~cr~tary of th~ int~rior's Standards for ,
Hi~toric.Pre~aervation Pro,jects with'_Guidelin~a for
Applying th~ St~ndard~ were initiall~y"writt~n in
1976 by W. Brown Morton LII, and G~ry L. Hume. The
Guidelines for Rehabilitatinq HiBto=ic Buildinq^ ~~
were revised ~nd expanded in 1983 by Gary L.-Hum~
and:Ray D. ~i~eks. The Standard~ for
R~habilitation were revieed in 19`90 f.o;llowinq a
public com~tientiriq period.~ It ehould kie noted that '
the minor revi~ion~ to the Standards for
Rehabilitation will not affect th~ir ~pplic~tion
^o that a proj@ct which wae previou~ly acceptable. ~
would continu~ to`be acce'ptable. ; ,
I
~
'
'
~
, . COiVTEIVTS
, Introduction to th~ Standards and Guidelines
~U~i.DING ~XTERIOR
~ Masonry: Brick, stone: terra-~otta, concrete; adobe, stucco, and mortar
' Preservat~ion of Historic Features (maintenance, repair, replacement)
Design for Missing Historic Features
ZVood: Claoboard w.eatherboard shin les and other wooden sidin and decorative
elements ' - .
, Preservation of Historic Features (maintenance, repair, replacement)
Design for Missing Historic Features
! Ar~hitectural Metals: Cast iron st
eel ressed tin Co~ er aluminum ar~d zinc
', Preservation of Histocic Features (maintenan~e, r~pair; replacement)
Design for M'issing Historic Features
' . Roofs
.Pr~servation of Historic Features (maintenance, repair; replacement)
' Design ior Missing Historic Features
Aciditions/Alterations for the 1Vew Use
' Windows . ~ ~
' Pr~servation of Historic Features (maintenance, repair, replacement)
Design for Missing Histioric Features
Additions/Alterations for the New Use
~
Entrances and Porches ,
' Preservation of Histor~ic Features (maintenance, repair, replacement)
Design foc Missing Historic; Features
Additions/Alterations for the New Use '
~
Storefronts ~
' Preservation of Historic Features (maintenance, repair, replacement)
Design for Missing Historic Features
~
3
S
12
15
16
18
19
21'
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
29
31
32
'J
BUILDING IIVTERIOR ' .+ `'
5tructura~l Systems ~ ~
, . ~.,. .
Preservation of Histocic Features (maintenance, repair, replacement)
Alterations/Additions for the New Use , ~
Inter.ior Spaces, Features; and ~Finishes
Preservation o# Historic SQaces, Features, and Finishes (maintenance, repair,
replacement)
DeSign .for Missing Historic Features and Finishes
Alterations/Additions ~or the New Use ' • ~
Meehanical Systems
• , ~ ~ ,~ ~ .
Preservation of Histotic Features (maintenance, repair, replacemenf)
Alterations/Additions for the New Use ~
BUII.DING:SITE . . • .
Preseryation of Historic Features (maintenance,~ repair, replacement)
Design for iviissing Historic Features ~
Alterations/Additions for the New Use .
DLSTRICTINEIG~RHOOD
Preservation of Historic Features (maintenance, repair, replacement)
Design for Missing Histocic Features .
Alterations/Additions for the New Use
HEP;LTH AND SAFETY CODE REQUIREMENTS
ENE~RGY RETROFTTTING
NEW ADDITIONS T~ HIST~RIC BIJII:DINGS
Reading List and Ordering Information
4 ~
~ 33
34 .
36
39
40
c~.'1..
42
. 43 ~
~ ~5
46
47
48
49 ,
51
53
56
58
~ ~ _ r^^ ~ ~ i~ ~ ~ n~ ~ _ ~i ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~^ r
INTRODUCTION
The Secretary of the lnterior is responsible for establishing standards for all,program under Departmental authority and for advising Federal agencies on
the preservation of historic properties listed or eligible for listing_in the National Registet of Historic Places. In partial fulfillment of this responsibility,
the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Histori¢ Preservation Projeets have been developed to gvide work undertaken on historic buildings-there
are separate standards for acquisition,.protection, stabilizaHon, preservaHon, rehabilitation, restora6on, and reconstruction. The Standards for
Rehabilitation (codified. in 36 CFR 67) ~omprise that section of the overall preservaHon.project standards and addresses the most prevalent treatment.
"RehabilitaHon' is defined as "the process oE returning a property to a state of utility; through repair or alteraHon, which makes possibie an efficient
contemporary use while preserving those porNons and features of the property which are significant to its historic, architectural, and cultural values."
Initially developed by the Secretary of the Interior to deternune the appropriateness of proposed project work on registered properties within the Historic
Preservation Fund grant-in-aid.program, the Standazds for RehabiliFation have,been widely used over the years--particularly to determine if a rehabili-
taHon quali6es as a Certified Rehabilitation for Federal tax purposes. In addition, the Standards have guided Federal agencies in carrying out their
historic preservaHon.responsibilities for properties in Federal ownership or control; and State and local officials in reviewing both Federal and nonfederal
rehabilitation proposals. They have also been adopted by historic district and plarining commissions across the country.
The intent of the Standards is to assist the long-term preservaHon of a property's significance through the preservaHon of historic materials and features.
Ttie Stan~ards,pertain to historic buildings of all materials, conshvction types, sizes, and occupancy and' encompass the exterior and interior of the
buildings. `I'hey also encompass related landscape features and the building's site and environmenF, as well as attached, adjacent, or related new
construcHon. To be,certified for.Federal tax purposes, a rehabilitation project must be determined by the Seaetary to be consistent with the historic
character of the stnicture(s), and where applicable, the district in which it is'located.
. 5
THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR'S STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION
The following Standards are to be applied to specific rehabilitation projects in a reasonable manner, taking into consideration economic and technical
feasibility.
(1) A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the
building and its site and environment. ' . ,
'(2) The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and spaces that
characferize:a property shall be avoided.
; , ._ .
(3) Each property shall~be iecognized as.a physical;ecord of its time,,place, and use: Changes,that czeate-a false sense of'historical development, such
as,adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other b~uildings, shail not be undertaken.
(4) Most properties change over time; tho_se changes that have acquired historir-significance in.their own right sliall be retained and preseryed.
(5) Distinctive featuies, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of crafismanship that chazacterize a hisforic property shall.be preserved.
(6) Deteriorated historic features shall;be repaued rathei than;eplaced: Where the severity'of deteriocation requires replacement of a disHncHve
feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, tezture, and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement nf
missing features sh'all be; substanHated, by documentary, physical, or,pictorial evidence.
(7) Chemical or physical. treaEments, such as sandblasHng, thatcause damage to historic materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of struc-
tures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the,gentlest means possible. .
(81 Significant archeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources mast be disturbed, mitigation meas-
ures shali be undertaken: •
(9)' New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construcHon shall not:destroy fiisEoric materials that.characterize the property. The new work
shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compaHble with the•massing,size, scale, and azchitectiural features to protect the historic integrity of
the property and its environment
(10) New addiHons and adjacent or'related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essentia2 form
and integrity of.the.historic;pzoperty and its envimnaient would be unimpaired.,
~ a ~ ^~ ~^ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ a ~^ ~ ~^ ^^~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ _ _ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ ~ ~ _ ~ _ 7_ ~ _ ~
As stated in the,definition, the treatment "rehabilitation" assumes that at least some repair or alteration of the historic building wi11 be needed inorder to
provide foran efficient contemporary use; however, these repairs and alteraHon must not damage or destroy materials, features or finishes that are
important in defining the building's historic character. For example, certain treatments-if improperly applied-may cause or accelerate physical dete-
, rioraHon of historic i~uilding. This can include using improper. repoinHng or exterior masonry cleaning techniques, or introducing insulation that '
, damages historic.fabric. In almosk,all of these situaNons; use of these materials and treatments willresult in a project that does notmeet the Standards.
Sirnilarly, exterior additions that duplicate the forni, material, and detailing of the structure to the extent that they compromise the historic character of
the structure will fail to meet the Standards.
Technical Guidance Publications
The NaHonal Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, conducts a~~ariety of activities to guide Federal agencies, States, and the general public in
historic preservation project work. In addition to establishing standards and guideiines, the Service de~•elops, publishes, and distributes technical
informaHon on appropriate preservation treatments, including Preservation Briefs, case studies, and Preservation Tech IVotes.
A Catalog of Historic PreservaHon Publications with stock numbers, prices, and ordering information may be obtained by writing: Preservation Assis-
tance Division, Technical Preservation Services, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, D.C. 20013-7127. ~
7
GUIDELINES FOR REHABILITATING HISTORIC BUILDINGS
~ ~
The Guidelines Were initially developed in 1977 to help property owners, developers, and Federal managers apply the Secretary of the In-
terior's "Standards forReh.abilitation" during the project planning stage by pro~iding general design and'-technical recommendations. Unlike
the.Standards, the Guidelines are nbt codified as.program requirements. Together with the "Standards for Rehabilitation" they provide a
model process for owners, developers, and Federal;agency managers to follow: .
It should be noted at the outset that the Guidelines; are intended, to assist in applying the Standards to projects generally; consequently, they
are not' meant to give case-specific advice or address exceptions or rare instances. Forexample, Ehey cannot tell an owner or developer which
features of. their own historic building are important in defining the historic,character'and must be preserved-although,examples are provid-
ed in each section-or which features could be.altered, if necessa .ry; for the new use. This kind of caieful case-by-case decisionmaking is besE
accomplished by seeking,assistance from qualified historic preservation professionals in the planning stage of Ehe project. Such professionals
include architects, architectural historians, historians, archeologists, and othecs who are skilled in the preservation, rehabilitation, and
restoration of historic properties. ~
The Guidelines.pertain to historic buildings of all sizes, materials, occupancy, and construction types;-and apply:to interior and.exterior work
as .well. as new exterior additions. Those approaches, treatments; and techniques that are consistent with the Secretary of the Interior's
~ -
i , "Standards for Rehabilitation" are listed. in the "Recommended" column ;on the. lefG; those. approaches, treatnients, and techniques which
could adversely affect a building's historic character are listed in Ehe "Not Recommended" column~ on the right.
I ~
' To provide clear and~consisEent~guidance for'owners, developers; and federal agenty managers to follow, the "Recommended" courses of ac-
tion in each seetion are listed in order of historic preservation concerns so that a rehabilitation project maybe successfullyplanned and com-
~ pleted-one tha€, first, assures the preseryation of a building's iinportant or"character-defininj" architectural materials and features and,
' second, makes possible an efficient contemporary use. Reha6ilitation guidance in each section begins with protection' and maintenance, that
` work whieh shoul.d be maximized:in every prgjecE to enhance.overall preservation goals: Nexe, where some deterioration is present; repair of
i the building's historic materials and features isrecommended: Finally, when.deterioration is so extensive fhat,repair is.not possible, the most
i problemaric area of work is considered: ieplacement of historic maEerials and'features ~vith new materials.
-- - ---
,-- To-further-guide-the-owner and-developer in planning a successful ie}iabilitation project, those complex design issues dealing with new use re-
, quirements,such as alterations and additions are highlighted at the end of each section to underscore the need for particularsensitiyity in these
. areas. • •
;
;~
IdentiEy, Retain, and Preser-ve ,
The guidance that is basic to the treatment of ;all historic buildings-identifying, retcining, and presere,ing. the form and detailing of
those architectural materials and features that are important in defining the liistoric character-'is always listed first~ in the "Recomrriended" .
column. The parallel "Not Recommend'ed" column lists the types of actions that are most apt to cause the diminution or evgn loss of the
building's historic characEer. It~should be remembered, however, that such loss of chaiacter is just as often caused by Ehe cumulative effect of
~ ~^^ ~ i ~^ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~
_ u~ I ~ ~ ~r~ r~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r~ ~ ~^ r~ ~ ~
a~series of actions that would seem to be minor interventions. Thus, the guidance in a!I oE the "Not Recommended" columns must be viewed
in that larger context, e.g., fot the total impact on a historic building. '
Protect and IVlaintain ~
After identifying those~materials and features Ehat are impoitant and must be retained in khe process of rehabilitation work, then protectirig
and nsainfaining them are add'ressed. Protection generally involves the least degree of intervention and is preparatory to other work. For
ezample, protection includes the maintenance of historic material thtough treatments such as rust removal, caulking, limited paint removal,
and re-application of protective coatings; the cyclical cleaning oE roof gutter systems; or installation of fencing, protective plywood, alarm
syseeins and other temporary protective measures. Although a historic building will usually require more extensive work, an overall evalua-
Eion of its:,physical condition should always begin at this level.
Repair . ~ -
Next, when the physical condition of character-defining iiuterials and features warrant"s additional work repairi~g is recommended.
Guidance for the repair of hisEorie materials such as=masonry, wood, and architecEural metals again tiegins with :the least degree oE interven-
tion possible such as patching; piecing-in, splicing, consolidaEing; or otherwise reinforcing or upgrading them aecording to recognized preser-
vation methods. •Repairing.also includes the limited replacement in kind=or with compatible substitute material-of exEensi'vely deferiorated
or missing parts of'features when tlieie are survivingprototypes (for example, brackets> dentils;. steps, plaster, or portions oE slate or tile roof- '
ing), tllthough using the same.kind of material is always the preferred option, substitute material is acceptable if the form and design as well
as the substitute material itself convey the visual appearance of the remaining parts of the feature and Einish.
Replace .
Following repair in the hierarchy, guidance is provided for replacing an entire character-defining feature with new material because !he leve]
oE deterioration or damage of materials predudes repair (for example, an exterior cornice; an interior staircase; or a complete porch or
storefront). If the essential~form~and detailing aie still evident so that the physical evidence can be used to re-establish the feature as an in-
tegral part of the rehabilitation project, then its replaeement is appropriate. 'Like" the guidance .for repair, the preferred; option is always
replacement of the entire feature in kind, that is, with the same material_B.ecause this approach may not always be technically or economical-
ly feasible, provisions are made to consider'the use of~a compatible substitute material. ~
IE should 6e noted that,~ while the,Nafional Park Service guidelines recommend the replacement oE. an ~entire character-defining feature under
certain well-defined circumstances, they never recommend removal and replacement;with,new material of a feature that,=although damaged
or deteriorated-could ieasonably be repaired and•thus preserved. ~
Design for Missing Historic Features ~ ~ ~
When`an entire interior or exterior feature is missing (for example, an entrance, or cast iron facade; or a principal staircase), it no longer plays
a role in physically defining fhe historic character of the building unless it can be accurately recovered in form and detailing through the proc-
~ ess oE carefully documenting the historical appearance. Where an important architectural feature is missing, its recovery :is always iecom~
j mended in the guidelines as the first or preferred, course of action. Thus, if adequate historical, pictorial, and ph;~sical documentation exist~
so that the feature may be aecvrately ieproduced, and if it is desireable to re-establish the feature _as part of the buil'ding's historical ap~
; pearance, then designing and "constructing a new feature based on such information is appropriate: Howev..er, a;second:acceptable option fo~
fhe replacement feature is a new design that is compatible with the remaining charactei-defining features of the historic building. The ne~~
designshould always take into account the size., scale, andmaferial of the histori¢ liuilding itself`and; most importantly, shouId be clearly dif•
ferentiated so that a Ealse histoiical appearance is not created. ~
~ Alterations/Addidons to Historic Buildings
Some exterior and int'erior alFerations to the historic'building are generally needed to:assure its contiriued use, but it is most important tha
such.alterations do. not,radically change, obscure; or destroy character-defining spaces, materials, features, or finishes. Alterations may in
~ cIude providing additional parking space on an existing historic building site; cutting new entrances or windows on secondary elevations; in
' serting an additional floor;`installing an entirely new mechanical system; or creafing an atrium or light well. Alteration may also,includ_e th~
j selective removal of buildings or other features of the environment or building site that are intrusive and therefore?detract from the overal
j ' historic characfer. '
I~ The consEruction oE an exterior addition to a historic building may seem ,o be essential for the new use, but it is empliasized,in the guideline:
~ that such new additions should be avoided, if pos"s_ible; and considered only after iE is determined that Ehose needs cannot be met by alterir,~
,
secondary, i.e,, non character-defining;interior spaces. If, after a thorough evaluation.of interior solutions; an exterior addition is still judgec
to b.e Ehe only v,iable alternative, it should be designed and constructed to be.clearly differentiated from the historic building and so that th~
¢haracter-defining.features are not radically changed, obscured, damaged; o.i destroyed. .
Additions to hisForic buildings~are refereneed within specific sections of the guidelines sueh as SiFe, Roof, Structural Systems, etc., but ar~
also considered in more detail in a separate. section, NEW ADDITIO\5 TO HISTORIC BUILDINGS.
I-iealth and .Safety .Code Requirements; Energy RetrofiEting ~ ~
These serti,ons of fhe rehabilitation guid.ance address work done to meet health and safety code requireinents (fo* example, providing harrier~
free access to.historic buil'dings); or retroEitting measures to conserve energy (for ezample; installing solar collectors in an unobtrusi~~e loca~
tion on'the site). Although this work is quite.often an important aspect of rehabilitation projects, it is usually not part of the overall process oi
protecting or repairing character-defining features; rather, such work is assessed for its potential negative impact on the building's hiscorii
character. For this reason, particular care must 6e taken not to radically cnange, obscure, damage,.ordestroy charaeter-defining materials o~
features in the process oE rehabilitation work to meet code and energv requirements.
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Specific information on rehabilitation and preservation technology may be obtained by writing to the National Park Service, at the addresses
listed below:
Preservation Assistance Division ' PreserVation Services Division
National Park Service • Southeast Regiona] Office
P.O. Box 37127 National Park Service
Washington, D.C. 20013-?127 75 Spring St. SW., Room 1140
Atlanta, GA 30303
National Historic Preservation ' Office of Cultural Programs
Programs,
Westem Regional Office • Mid-Atlantic Regional Office
National Park:Service National Park Service
450 Golden Gate Ave Second and ChestnuE Streets
.
Box 36063 Philadelpfiia, PA 19106
San Francisco, CA 94102
Division oE Cultural Resources Cultural Resources Division
Rocky Mountain Regional Office Alaska Regional Office
National Park Service ' National Park Service
655 Parfet St.
P.O
Box 25287 2525 Gambell St.
.
Denver, CO 80225 ' Anchorage, AK 99503
12
BUILDING EXTERIOR
AIla_wnry: Bridc, stone, terra cotta,
concrete, adobe, stucco and mortar
Recommended
Masonry features (such as brick cornices and
door ped'iments, stone window architraves,
terra cotta braclcets and cailings) as well as
masonry surfaces (modelling,'tooling, bonding
patterns, joint size, and color) may be
imgortant in defining the historic character
of the building. It should be noted that while
masonry is arnong the most durable of
historic building materials, it is also the most
susceptible to damage ~ by . improper
maintenance or repair techniques and by
harsh oc ab~asive cleaning'meihods. Most
preserva~ion guidance on masonry thus
focuses on such concerns as eleaning and the
process of repointing. For specific• guidance
on this subject, consult Preservation Briefs;
1, ~ 2, . 5, 6, and 1. (See Reading List and
Ordering Information on pg. 58.)
Identifying, retaining, and presefving
masonry features that are important in
defining the oveeall historic character of
the building such as walls, brackets,
railings, cornices, window ar~hitraves,
door pediments, °steps, and columns; and
joint and unit size, tooling and bonding
patterns, coatings-, and color.
Protecting and. maintaining masonry by
providing proper drainage so.that water
does not stand on - flat, horizontal
surfaees or accumulate in curveci
decorative features.
Not Recommended
Removing or radically chang'ing masonry
featunes w.hich are important in defining
the over:all historic character of the
building so that, as a result, the
character is diminished.
Replacing or rebuilding a major portion
of exterior rraasonry walls. ttiat could be.
repaired so that, as a result, .the building
is no longer historic and is essentially
new construction.
Applying paint or other coatings such as
stucco to masonry that has been
historically unpainted or uneoated to
create a new appearance.
Removing paint from historically painted
masonry.
Radically changing the typ~ of paint ~ or
coating or its color.
Failing to evaluate and. treat the various
causes of mortar joint deterioration such
as leaking roofs or gutters, differential
settlement of the buiTd'ing, capillary
action, or extreme weather exposure.
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Masonry (continued).
Recommended
Cleaning masonry only when necessary to
halt deterioration or remove heavy
soiling. .
Carrying out masonry surface cleaning
tests after it has been determined that
such elea~-ung is necessary. Tests should
be observec+ over a sufficient period of
time so that both the. irnmediate effects
and the long, range effects are known to
enable selectia~: of the gentlest method
possible.
Cleaning rnasonry sur.faces with the
gentlest :method possible, such as low
pressure water and detergents, using
natural bristle brushes:
Inspecting pair.ted mascnry ,surfaces to
determine whether repainting is
necessary.
Removing darnaged or deteriorated paint
only to the next~ sound layer using the
gentlest rr.ethod possible (e.g.,
handscraping) prior to repainting.
Applying cqmpatible paint coating
systerns follo~ving proper . surface
preparation.
Repainting with colors that are
historically appcopriate to the building
and district.
13
Not Recommended
Cleaning rnasonry. surfaces whecn they are
not heavily soiled • to create a new
appearance, thus neeiilessly introducing
chemicals or moisture into historic
materials.
Cleaning masonry surfaces without
testing or without sufficient time for the
testing results to be of value.
Szndblasting brick or . stone surfaces
using dry or wet grit or other abrasives.
These methods of cleaning permanently
erode the surface of the material and
accelerate deterioration.
Using a cleaning method that involves
water or liquid chemical solutions when
there is any possibility of freezing
temperatures.
Cleaning with chemical products that
will damage masonry, such as using acid
on limestone or marble, or leaving
chemicals on masonry surfaces.
Applying high pressure water cleaning
methods that will damage historic
masonry and the mortar joints.
Removing paint that is firmly adhering
to, and thus protecting, masonry
surfaces.
Using methods of removing paint which
are destructive to masonry, such as
sandblasting, application of caustic
solutior-s, or high pressure waterblasting.
Failing to follow manufacturers' product
and application ~instructions when
repainting masonry.
Using new paint colors that are
inappropriate to the historic building and
district.
~
Masonry (continued)
Recommended
Evaluating the overall condixion of ~the
masonry to determine whether more than
protection and maintenance are required,
that is, if repairs to the masonry
features willbe necessary.
Repairing masonry walls and othe~
masonry features by cepointing the
.mortar joints where there is evidence of
deteri~ration such ~ as disintegrating
mortar, . cracks in mortar joir,ts, loose
bricics, darnp walls, or damaged
plasterwork.
Removing deter.iorated mortar by
care#ully hand-raking the joints to avoid
damaging the masonry.
Duplicating old 'mort_ar in strength,
composition, color, and textur.e.
Duplicating ol'd rnortar joints in ~ width
and in joint profile.
Repairing stucco by removing the
damaged material and patching wifh new
stucco that duplieates fhe old in
strength, composition, color, and
textur.e.
Using mud plaster as a sur,face coating
over unfired; unstabilized adobe because
the mud plaster will;bond to the adobe.
14
Not Recommended
Failing to underta,ke adequate mzasures
to assuce the preservation~ .of masonry
features.
Rerno~ing nondeteriorated mortar from
sound joints, then re¢ointing the entire
building to achieve a uniform
appearance.
Using electric saws and hammers rather '
than hand tools to remove deteriorated
mortar #rqm joints prior to repointing.
Repointing with mortar of high portland
cernent eontent (unless ~it is the. content
of the historic mortar). This can often
create a bond that is stronger than. the
historie material and can cause damage
as a result of the differing coefficient of
expansion and the differing porosity of
the rnaterial and the morta'r.
Repointing with a synthetic caulking
compound. .
Using a"scrub" coating technique to
repoint; instead of traditional repointing
methods.
Changing the width or joint profile when
repointing.
Removing, sound stucco; or repairing with
new stucco that ~is stronger than~ the
historic material or does not convey the
same visual appearance. ~
Applying cement stucco to unfired,
unstabilized adobe. Because .the cement
stu~co will' not bond properly, ,moisture
can becocn~ entrapped> between
materials, cesulting in accelerafed
deterioration of ttie adobe.
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Masonry (continued~
Recommended
Repairing masonry features by patching,
piecing-in, or consolidating the masonry
using recognized p~eservation methods.
Repair may also inelude: the Iimited
ceplacement in kind--or with compatible
substitute material--of those extensively
deteciorated or missing parts of masonry
features when there are surviving
prototypes such as terra-~otta brackets
or stone `balusters.
Nbt Reeommended
15
Replacing an entire masonry feature
such as a cornice or balustrade when
repair of the masonry and limited
r.eplacement of deteriorated o~ • missing
parts are appropriate.
Using a substitute material for the
replacement part that does not convey
the vis~al ~ appearance of the surviving
parts of ~he masonry feature or that is
physically or chemically incompatible.
Applying new or non-historic surface
treatments such . as water-reQellent
coatings to masonry only `after repointing
and only if masonry .repa~irs have failed
to arrest water penetration problems.
Reg~laeing in kind an entire masonry
feature that is too deteriorated to
repair-,if the overall form and detailing
are still evident--using the physieal
evidence to guide the new work.
Examples can include large sections of a
wall, a cornice, balustrade; column, or
stairway. If using the . same kind of.
material is not technically or
economically feasible, then a compatible
subsitute material may be considered.
Applying waterproof, water-repellent, or
non-historic coatings such as stucco to
masonry as a substitute for repointing
and masonry repairs. Coatings are
frequently unnecessary, expensive, and
may change the appearance of historic
masonry as well as accelerate its
deterioration. ~ ~
Rernoving a masonry feature t5at is
unrepairable and not replacing it; or
replacing it with a new feature that does
not convey tne same visual appearance.
The following wor4c is highlighted to indicate that it represents the particularly
eomplex tec~nical or design aspects of rehabilitation projecis and should only be
considered after the p~~;eservation concerns liste~ above have been addressed.
D~esign for 14~issing Historic Features
Designing an.d ~installing. a neaf ::masonr}~~ ~..:
feature. such as- steps or_a. cfoor. pediment :
~~hen the- historic feature~ is~ completel~, ~._
rnissing: .-.~ : It irray be-. ~ ai~ accurate. ~:
restoratiorr. using;. historieal,.;::: pictarial,:~';
arid physica! documentation;:..or be: a new •
design that. is compatibie~ witkr~ tha size; ~.:
scaIe, material, an~. color af th~ historic .~
building. ' ~ . . . . ~. . . .
Creating a false historical appearance
because the replaced masonry feature is
based on insufficient historical, pictorial,
and physical documentation.
Intr.oducing a new masonry feature that
is incompatible in size, scale, material
and color.
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16
•~ Because it can be easily shaped by sawing, planing,
Wood: Clapboard, carving, and gouging, wood is the most commonly used
weattierboard, ~shin~les, mater'ial for architectural features such as clapboards,
and other wooden cornices, brackets, entablatures, . shutters, columns and
sidin~ and decorative balustrades. These wooden features--both functional and
~~m~~ decorative-may be . important in defining the historic
character of the building and thus their retention,
protection, and repair are of particular importance in
rehabilitation projects. Foc specific guidance, con'sult
~ Preservation 'Briefs: 9, '1~Q, and "Epoxies foc Wood Repair `in
. Historic Buildings." (See Reading List and' Ordering
~ Information on pg, 58.)
Recommended
Not Recommended
Identifying, retaining, and preserving
wood -features~ that are impoctant ~ in;
defining the overall historic; character of
the building such as siding, eocnices,
brackets, window architraves, and
doorway pediments; and their paints,
finishes, and colors.
Protecting and maintaining wood
features b.y providing proper drainage so
that water is not allowed to stand on,
flat, horizontal surfaees or 'accumulate
in decorative features.
Removing oe radicaily changing wood
features which are important in defining
the overail historic character of' the
buiiding so that, as a. result, the
cfiaracter is diminished.
Remo~ing a major portion of the historic
wood frorn a facade instead,; of_ repairing.
oc replaci'ng only the deteriorated wood,
then: reconstructing the facade with ~new
~material in ocder to achieve a'uniform or
"irnproved" appearance.
Radically changing the type of finish or
its; color or accent scheme so "that the
historic charcter of the exterior is
diminished. ~
Stripping historically painted :surfaces to
bare- wood,'then app'lying clear finishes
or stains in order to create a"natural ~
look.'
Stripping painT or varn'ish .to bare wood
cather_ than repairing or ~reapplying a
special ..finish, i.e., a grained ~finish to an
exterior wood feature sueh as a front
• door.
Failing. to identify, evaluate, and treat
the causes of ' waod deterioration,
including faul'ty flashing, leaking gutters,
craeks and 'holes in siding; deteriorated
caulking in joints and seams, plant
mater,ial growing too close to wood
surfaces, or insect or fungus infestation.
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Wood (aontinued)
Recorrimended
applying chemical preservatives to wood
features such as beam ends or outriggers
that are exposed to decay hazards and
are traditionally unpainted. ~
Retaining coatings such as paint that
help protect the wood frorn moisture and
ultraviolet iight. Paint removal should
be considered only where there is paint
surface deterioration and as part of an
overall maintenance program which
involves repainting or applying other
appropriate protective coatings. '
Inspecting painted wood surfaces to
determine whether repain'ting ' is
necessary or if cleaning is all that is
required. ~
Removing damaged or deteriorated paint
to the next sound 3ayer using the gentlest
method possible (handscraping and
handsanding), then repainting.
Using with care electric hot-air guns on
decorative wood features and electric
heat plates on flat wood surfaces when
paint is so deteriorated that total
removal is necessary prior to repainting.
Using ctiemical strippers primacily to
supplement other methods such as
handscraping, handsanding and the
above-recommended thermal devices.
Detachable w.ooden elements such as
shutters, doors, and ~olumns may--with
the proper safeguards--be chemically
dip=stripped. ~
Applying compatible paint coating
systems following proper surface
preparation.
Repainting with colors that are
app~opriate to the -historic building and
district. ~
Evaluating the overall ~ondition of the
wood to determine whether more than
proteetion and maintenance are required,
that is, if repairs to wood features will
be necessary.
u16-588 0 - ea _ ~
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Not Recommended
Using chemical preservatives such as
creosote which can change the
appearance of wood ~features unless they
were used historically.
Stripping paint or other coatings to
reveal bare wood, thus exposing
historieally coated surfaces to the
effects of accelerated weathering.
Removing pa'int that is firmly adhering
to, and thus, protecting wood surfaces.
Using destructive paint removal methods
suc~ as a propane or butane torches,
sandblasting or waterblasting. These
methods can irreversibly damage historic
woodwork.
Using thermal devices improperly so that
the historic woodwork is scorched.
Failing to ~neutralize the wood thoroughly ,
after using cfiemicals'so that new paint
does not adhere. .
Allowing detachable wood features ~ to
soak too long in a caustic solution so that
the wood grain is raised and the surface
raughened. •
Failing to follow manufacturers' product
and application instructions when
repainting exterior woodwork.
Using new colors that are inappropriate
to the historic building or district.
Failing to undertake adequate measures
to assure the preservation of wood
features. '
Wood (continued)
Recommended
Repairing wood features by patching,
piecing-in, consolidating, or ' otherwise
reinforcing t}ie wood using reeognized
preservation methods. Repair may also
include tfie .limited replacement in kind--
or with compatible substitute materiai--
of those extensively deteriorated or
missing parts of ~features where there are
surviving prototypes such as bcackets,
moldings, or sections of siding.
R~placing :in .kind an entire wood feature,
that is too deteriorated to repair--if the
overall form and detailing. are~ still
evident--using : the physical evidence to
guide the new work. Examples• of wood
features include a cornice, entablature
or balustrade. If using the same kind of
material is not technically or econom-
ically ~feasib'le, then a, compatible.
substitute material may be consi~dered.;
18
Not~ Recommended
Replacing an entire wood ~feature such as
a corn'ice or wall when repair of the
wood. and limited replacement~ . of
deteriocated or missing parts are
appropriate.
Using; s.ubstitute matecial for ~ the
replacement part tfiat does:. not convey
the visual appearance of the surviving
pacts ~ of the ~ wood feature or that is
physically or chemically incompatible.
Removing an entire wood feature that, is.
unrepairable and not replacing it; or
repfacing it with a new feature that' does
not convey the same visual appearance.
Tt~ following wock is highlighted'l~cause it ~repr~ts the particularly complex
t~nical oc~ design aspects of rehabilitation projec#s and~should only be cronsidered
afte~ th~ pceservation concerns listed abov~ have t~een addressed. ,.,
Design for RAissing Histocic Feati~es
_..... .,r_~:_ ... ;.~__ ,_~~..~.:..,_._._....~-,.:-„..~.«:..>,,..,.,~ .
-~~ , ,: ., ,. . . ..
~ 1]esignrn~= and. ~In~tallin~ a new a~ood =
: ,:,
~.-.fe~tuce such as~: a.:.corcuce„oc..:doar.waX ~
. , ,.:
=: ~vTie~ th~ historic feature is:completely - ;:.
~ m~ssiiig.. : It = ma~- ::; b~: -: acr accurate ~;
-"cest~ratioc~`. usui~ :hissori~~',, pictorial„ ;
.-:' an~° physicaL documei~taticns; nr ~~ n~v~ 7
'- "desigrt- that~ ~ compatibl~ v~rit~Z ;th~ size,. ;
.: scale~f` materiai, anc~ colo~ of th~ tustoric ~
-- bu~ldu~g " : ~ ` 1 _
o~- _ ry re. .~.- ~;
L l ~' ' / T
.a..,._.~Y _.~•1uti...1Y~~ju.~.~~~-w~w+a~~'~ilSii'~~.Lr~1.~~v-~r+r~~.sd....a~
Creating a false historic appeacanee
because .the replaced wood feature is
based on insufficient historiaal, pictorial,
and physical documentation.
introducing a new wood featuce that is
incompatible in size, seale; material, and
color. .
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~ Architectural metal features--such as cast-iron
Architectural MetaL~ Cast facacies, porches,, and sseps; sheet metal cornices,
iron,. steel; pressed tin, coofs, roof cresting and storefronts; and cast or rolled
coppec, aluminum; and zinc metal doors, window sash, entablatures, and
hardware--are often highly decorative and may be
important in defining the overall historic character of
~ the building. Their retention, protection, and repair
should be a prime eonsideration in rehabilitation
' projects. For specific guidance, consult "Metals in
America's Historic Buildings." (See Reading List and
. Ordering Information on gg. 58.)
Recommended Not Recommended
Identifying, retaining, and preserving
architectural metal features such as
columris, capitals, window tioods, or
stairways that are 'trnportant in defining
the overall histocic character of the
building; and their. finishes and colors. ~
Protecting and maintaining architectural
metals from corrosion by providing
proper drainage so ,that water does not
stand on flat, horizontal surfaces or
accumulate in aurvecl, cfecorative
features.
Cleaning architectural metals, when
necessary, to remove corrosion prior to
repainting or applying other appropriate
protective coatings.
Removing or radically changing
architectural metal features which are
important in defining the overall historic
_character of tFie building so that, as a
result, ~the charaeter is diminished. '
Removing a major portion of the historic
architectural metal from a facade
instead of repairing or replacing only the
deteriorated metal, then reconstructing
the facade with new material in order to
create a uniform, or "irnproved"
appeacance.. ~
Radically changing the type of finish or
its historic color or accent scheme.
Failing to identify, .evaluate, and treat
the causes of corrosion, such as moisture
from leaking roofs or gutters.
Placing incompatible metals together
without providing a reliable separation
material. Such incompatibility can
resul't in galvanic corrosion of the less
noble metal, e.g., copper wlll corrode
cast iron; steel, tin, and aluminum.
Exposing metals which were intended to
be protected from the environment.
Applying paint or other coatings to
metals such as copper, bronze, or
stainless ~steel that were meant to be
exposed.
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Architectural Metals (continued)
Not Recommended
20
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Recommended
Identifying the particular type of inetal
prior to any cleaning pcoeedure and then
testing ,to assuce ~at the gentlest
cleaning me*_hod possible is selected or
determining that cleaning is
inappropriate for the particular metal.
Cleaning soft metals such as lead, tin,
copper, temeplate, and zinc with
appropriate chemieal methods because
ffieir finisfies can be easily abraded by
blasting inethods.
Using the gentle_st cleaning methods :for
cast icon, wrought iron; and steel--hard
metals--in order to remove paint buildup
and ,cocrosion. If handscraping and wire
brushing have proven ineffective, low
pressure dry grit: b,lasting may be used as
long as it does not abrade or damage the
surface. ' ~
Applying appcopriate paint or other
coating systems after cleaning in order
to decrease the corrosion rate of inetals
or alloys.
Repainting with colors that are
appropriate to the Yustoric building or
district. .
Applying an apprapriatG~ protective
coating such as lacquer to an
architectural .,metal feature such as. a
bronze dooc which is subject to heavy
pedestrian use. ~ .
Evaluating , the overall condit'ion of the
.architeetural metals to determine
whether ..more than protection and
maintenance , .ar.e required, ~that; is, if
repairs to features: will be necessary.
Using cieaning methods which alter or
damage the historic coI'or, texture; and
finish of the metal; or cleaning when it is
inappcopriate for the metal.
Removing the patina of histgric rnetal.
The patina may be~ a protective coating
on some metals, such as bronze or
copper, as well as a'significant historic
f inish.
Cleaning soft rrietals suah as lead, tin,
copper, terneplate, and zinc with grit
blasting which will ab~ade the surface of .
the rnetal.
Failing to employ gentler methods prior
to abrasively cleaning cast iron, wrought
,iron or steel; or using high pressure grit
blasting.. , .
Failing to re-apply pr.otective coating
systems to metals or alloys that cequire
them after cleaning so that a~celerated
corr.osion occucs.
Us'ing' new colors that are inapgropriate .
to the historic building or district.
Failing to assess pedestrian use or new
access patterns so that architectural
rnetal fea~tures are snbject to damage by
use or inappropriate maintenance such as
salting adjacent sidewalks.
Failing.to undertake adequate measures
to assure the preservation o~
architectural m~:tal features.
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Architectural Metals (continued)
Recommended
Repairing architectural metal features
by patching, splicing, or otherwise
reinforcing the metal following
recognized pceservation methods.
Repairs may also include the limited
replacement in kind-or _ with a
compatible substitute material-of those
extensively deteriorated or missing parts
of features when there are surviving
prototypes sach as porch balusters,
column capitals or bases; or porch
crestir.g.
Replacing in kinci an entire architectural
rnetal feature that is too deteriorated to
repair-if the overall form and detailing
are still evident--using the physical
evidence to guide the new work.
Examples could include cast iron porch
steps or steel sash windows. If using the_
same kind of material is not technically
or economically feasible, then a
compatible substitute . matecial may be
considered. ~ ~
Not Recommended
21
Replacing an entire architectural metal
feature such as a colurnn or a balustrade
when repair of the metal and limited
replar_ement of deteriorated or missing
parfs are appropriate. .
Using a substitute material for ti~e
replacement part that ~ioes not convey
the visua! appearance of the surviving
parts of the acchitectural metal featuee
or is that physically or ~emically
incompatible.
ltemoving. an architectur.al metal feature
that is unrepaicable and not replacing i~
or replacing it with a new architectural
metal feature that does not ccnvey the
same visual appearance.
The following aork is highlighted to indica4e that it repr~ts t3~ particularly
~, complex technical or• design aspects of cehabilitation projects and sho~ld onty b~
considered after the pceservation concerns listed a~ve have ~ ad~ressed.
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Design for Missing Historic Feattaes
Designing and insta3ling a .. -new:
archite~tural meta! ~ feature such ~as •~a ..
sheet metal-c:ornice or cast ::r.on ~capital .:.
~when =the ~historic ~eat~sre :is ~:completely.
Triissing. .. : . .It may : '.~e ~~ =an ; :~ccurate
restoration . .eis.ing ..:historical, .:pictorial;
and ~hysica! documentaxion; or be.a .new. .
:. •design. •that ::is :c~mpa~le <v~-ith :~he ~:siae, ::
-. ~ scale, ~~na#erial, :and ;toIor of .~~e ~historic ~~~
;building. ~.,: _ _ -
....~ ~~.w~:L'.....~ ....~~.. .. ~......~ 1~~.~ . •.^.:G^~•.~.~..~J~....... ~.Y r~~.~...~ .... .
Creating a false historic appearance
because the replaced architectural metal
feature is based on insufficient
historical, pictorial, and physical
documentation.
Introducing a new architectural metal
feature . that is incompatible in size,
scale, material, and color.
~
22
. The roof-with its shape; features such as cresting, docmers,
Roofs cupolas, and chimneys; and the size, color, and patterning of the
roofing ~ material--can be ,extr.emely 'impor•tant in defining the
. building's overall historic character. In addition to the design role
it plays, a weathertight roof is essential to the preservation of
~ the entire structure; thus, protecting and repairing the roof as a
• "cover" is a critica;l aspect of' every rehabi'litation project. For
speeific guidance on roofs ~ and roofing mate~ial,, co~sult
Preservation Briefs: 4: (See Reading List and Ordering
Information on pg. 58.)
Recommended
Identifying, retaining, and preserving
roofs--and their ~ functional and
decocative features--that are important
in defining the overall, histor.ic ~character ;
of the building. This includes the roof's
shape, such as tiipQed, gambrel, and
mansard; decorative features such as
cupolas, cresung, chimneys, and
weathervanes; and roofing material such
as. slate, w.ood, clay tile, and metal, as
well as .its size, color, and patterning.
Ptotecting and maintaining a roof by
cleaning the gutters and downspouts and
replacing deteriorated flashing., ~ Roof
sheathing should also be checked' for
praper venting to prevent moisture
conclensation and water penetration; and
to insure that rnaterials are free from.
insect infestation.
Not Recommended
~ Radically changing, ~damaging, or
destroying roofs which are important in
defining the overall historic character of
the building so that, as a result, the
character is diminished. ,
Removing a major port'ion of the roof or
roofing material that~ is repa'irable~, then
reconstructing it with new ma~terial in
order to create a uniform, or "improved"
appearance.
Changing the configuration of a roof by
adding new features such as dormer
windows, vents, or skylights so tfiat the
historic character is diininished. _
Stripping the roof of sound historic
material such as slate, clay tile, wood,
and architectural_ metal. ~
Applying • paint '"or other " coatings to
roofing ° material ~ which . has ~ been
historicatly uneoated.
Failing:to elean and maintain gutters and
downspouts properly se that water and
debris collect and cause damage to roof
fastenecs, sheathing, and the `underlying
structure. ~
~
'
~
Providing adequate anchorage for roofing Allowing roof fasteners, such as nails and
material to guard against wind damage clips to corrode so that roofing material '
and moisture penetration. • is subject to accelerated deteriorat'ion. .
~
'.
~
,~
,~
~
~
'~
~
~
Roof (continued)
Recommended
Protecting a leaking roof with plywood
and building paper until it can be
properly repaired.
Repairing a roof by reinforcing the
historic materials which- comprise roof
features. Repairs will also generally
in~lude the limited replacement in kind--
or with compatible substitute material-
of those extensively deteriorated or
missing parts of features when there are
surviving prototypes such as cupola
louvecs, dentils, dormer . roofing; or
slates, tiles, or wood sfiingles on a ma.in
roof. '
~tepiacing in kind an entire feature of
the roof that is too deteriorated to
repair--if the overall form and detailing
are still evident-using the physical
evidence to guide the new work.
Examples can include a large seetion of
roofing, or a dormer or chimney. If
using the same kind of material is not
technically or economically feasible,
then a compatible substitute material
may be considered.
Not Recommended
23
Permitting a leaScing roof to remain
unproteeted so that accelerated
deterioration of his'toric buiiding
materials--masonry, wood, plaster, paint
and structural ~members--occurs.
Replacing an entire roof feature such as
a cupola or dormer when repair of the
historic materials and limited
replacement of deterioratecl or missing
parts are appropriate.
Using a substitute material ~or the
replacement part that does not convey
the visual appearance of the survivi~g
parts of the roof' or that is physically or
chemically incompatible.
Removing a feature of the roof that is
unrepairable, such as a chimney or
dormer, and not replacing it; or replacing
it with a new feature that does not
convey the same visual appearance.
The following ~rork is highLighted to ind'icate that it represents the particularly
complex technical or design aspects of rehabilitation projeets and si~ould onty be
cansidered after the preservation concerns Iisted above have been aci~ressed.
Design for RRissing Historic Features
Designing and coristructing' a-new :feature
when #he .fiustoric .feature is completely
missirrg, ~uch .as a chimney .or :cupola; ~. It
Tnay .:.be ~n accurate restoration using
fi~istorical, .pictoria! -:and . . physical
documentation; or be a new ~:de~sign: that
is ~compatible with the size, scale,
material, and color of the ~historic
building. .
Creating a false historica! appearance
because the replaced feature is based on
insufficient historical, pictorial, and
physieal documentation.
Introducing a new roof feature that is
incompatible in size, scale, material, and
color.
~
Roof (continued)
Recommended.
~41t~ratioc~s/Additions for~ the Ne~v Use
1Vot Recommended
~
24 ,
~
- ~ -.-~.~ w,.~-.~-~---~. ..... ~ ~s-~ . ~n A ---
InstalEi~g 5 mecliaiucaL. ~ and se~ic~~ '
Installing mechanical or servic-e ~~
~. equi{~nient.. _~ocx „-th~ `_ nnof ~ Sur~ :.as air. 'equipment so that it damages or obscures
;~conditiatungx: .:transfocmers,:=~ oc ~:.sciIar '~ character-defining features; or 'is ~ _
collector~ when~-~eqt~ire~. for°th~nevw~i~se , conspicuous from the public right-of- . '
~
sa~. thax:.the~ aLe~::inconspsuou~ frorn~:the way. . , , ~
:
pu~lic right-of-way.and dcr. not damage ac . ,
obscuc~ chacactec-defuung. feature~ :.- :-
~
~
~ ~~~
~;~ _ ,:
.:. : . . . :. , ,.
- "
-.: ~. .. ;,: _.,. . . ..
' Designin~ :additions . ta roof~ `such: . as ~'~
Radically cHanging a character-defining
r.esident~l,.; ~office~,,. ~or.;;st~orage~~,spaces¢ . coof shape or damaging,,, or destroying;
~ elevator. housing~ declcs: and~ terracesT or.. :. ~ character-defining roofing :material as a ~
d,ocme~s~ ~ or. st~~lights.'. iuher~:. required.-, ~y ::' resuit of incompatible design. or improper
.th~ ::: news, :-; use-...• sa :: tfiat ;;:;-the}r~ '; a=c ~ installation techniques. -
inconspicuou~ . from tfi~ pubtic 'right-of- : ~: . ~
~" way and da _not :~age~ ar : obscure
character-defining #eature~. `=,. : ~: ~ `~ : - . . -
. . .. _.. :_,...:.. . .. __.._. _ ..~.: .... .. :. -._ _ . .._
,
. ~'
~
'~:
~
. ~'
~.
u
~
~J
~
~.
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
25
A highly decorative window with an unusual, shape, or glazing
Windoovs pattern, or color is most Iikely ~ identified immediately as a
character=defining feature of the building. It is far more
difficult, however, to assess the importance of repeated windows
on a facade, particularly if they are individually simple in design.
and material, such as the large, multi-paned sash of many
industrial bnildings. Because rehabilitation projects frequently
include proposals to replace window sash or even entire windows
to improve thermal efficiency or to create a new appearance, it
is essential that their contribution to the overall historic
character of the building be assessed together with their physical
~ condition bef ore specific . repair or replacement work is
undertaken. See also Energy Retrofitting. Preservation Briefs: 9
should be consulted for specific guidance on wooden window
, repair. (See Reading List and Ordering Information on pg. 58.)
Recommended
Not Recommended
Identiiying, retaining, and preservirig
windows-and = their functional and
decorative features--that are important
in defining the ovecall historic character
of the bui'lding. Such features can
include frames, sash, muntins, glazing,
sills,, heads, hoodmolds, panelled or
decorated jambs and moldings, and
interior and exterior shutters and blinds.
,Protecting and maintaining the wood and
architectural metal which comprise the
window frame; sash, rnuntins, and
surrounds through appropriate surface
treatments such as eleaning, rust
removal, limited paint removal, and
re-application of . protective coating
systems.
~••r eoc r r-
Removitig or radically changing windows
which are imporfant in defining the
overall historic character of the building
so that, as a result, the character is
diminished.
Changing the number, location; size or
glazing pattern of windows, through
cutting new openings, blocking-in
windows, and installing replacement sash
whieh does not fit the historic window
opening. ~ ~
Changing the historic appearance of
windows through the use of inappropriate
designs, ~materials, finishes, or colors
which radically change the sash, depth of
reveal, and muntin configuration; : the
reflectivity and color of tt-e glazing; or
the appearance of the ~frame.
Obscuring historic window trim with
metal or other material.
Stripping window5 of historic material
such 'as wood, iron, cast iron, and bronze.
Failing to provide adequate protection of
materials on a cyclical basis so that
deterioration of the windows results.
~
Windows (continued)
Not Recommended
26
~
Recornmended
Making windows ~ weathertight by re-
caulking and replacing or installing
weatherstripping. These. actions also
irnprove~ thermal 'efficiency.
Evaluating the oveta•ll condition of
materials to determine whether more
than protection and maintenance are
required, i;e: if, repair.s to windows and
window features will be required. ~ .
Repairing window frames and sash by
patching, . sp'Iicing, consolidating or
otherwise reinforaing. Such repair may,
also include replacement in kind of those
parts ~ that are either extensively
deteriorated oc are missing when there
are surviving prototypes such as
architraves, hoodmolds, sash, sills, and
interior or exterior shutters and blinds.
Replacing in kind an entire window thafi
is too deteriorated to repair--if the
ovecall focm and detailing are still.
evident--using the physical evidence to
guide the new work. If using the same
kind _ of 'rnaterial is not technically or
economically feasible, then a compatible
substitute material' may be considered.
Retrofitting or replacing windows rather
than, maintairiing the sash, frame, and
glazing. . ~
Failing to undertake adeguate measures
to assure the presecvation of historic
wi~do,.ws.
Replac'tng an entire window when repair
of materials and limited replacement of
deteriorated or missing parts. are
appropriate.
Failing to e~euse serviceable window
hardware sueh as brass lifts and sash
loeks. '
Using, a~. substitute material for the
ceplacement part that d'oes not convey
the visual appearance of- the surviving
parts of the window or that is physically
or chem'ical'ly incompatible.
Removing a character~ef ining window
that is unrepairable and bloclcing it 'in; or
replacing it with a new w. iiidow that does
not convey the same visual appearance.
The following work is highlighted to indlcate that it represents the particuiarly.
complex tec~vucal ~or design ;aspects of rehabilitation pro~ects and should only be
coRSidered after the pcese~vation concetns listed above have been addressed.
Design for Missing Iiistot'ic Features
n o~
_reptaeement -~ windanu~ z~,may~ be. ~ aa ,'
-.:accurat~ restocatiorr :~.using; histori~al~. ~:
:'`pictocialran~~PhYsica.t~d'ocumentation,..~~or- ~
be aG nev~ desig~:that_is compa.t~le witi~ ;.
: ~'ttie. ~indov~,.opening~.an~ th~ fiistoric ;
characte~-of the building.. ~ ' • ' ~
~L:. .imw:sa~.l~wx~'.s~w.'~::...~-~..~Tl.`rif:%.t. a.._~? ._ ~+Y'i~l
Cr.eating a ~alse historical, appearanee
because the replaced window is based on
'tnsuffieient; historical,_ pictorial, and
physical documentation. ~ -
Introducing ~ a new design tr~at . is
incompatible with the historic eharacter
of the, building. . ~
~
~
~
e
'
'
~.
'
~,
'~:
,~
~
'.
~
~
~
.r
~-
~
~
~~
t
~.
Windows (continued)
Recommended
Alterations/Additions ,for the Pdear Use
Designing and installing ~dditional
windows on rear or other-non character-
defirung elevations if required by -the
new use. New window openings may also
be cut into :exposed party walls. Such
design should be compatible with the
overall design of the building, bu~t not
duplicate the fenestration pattern and
detailing of a character-defining
elevation.
Providing .a setback . in ~he design of
dropped ceilings when they are required
for the new use to allow .foc the full
height of the window openings.
27
Not Recommended
Installing new windows, including frames,
sash, and muntin configuration that are
incompatible with the building's historic
appearance oc obscure, damage; or
destroy character=defining features.
Inserting new floors or furred-down
ceilings which cut across the glazed
areas of windows so that the exterior
form and appearance of the windows are
changed. .
28
~
Entrances and porches are qui`te often the focus of historic
Entrances ~ buildings, particularly when they occur on primary elevations.
and Porche.s Together with their functionaT and decorative features such as
doors, steps,, balustrades, pilasters, and entablatures, they can be
extremel'y impoctant~ in defining the overall historic character of
a,building. Their retention, protection, and repair should always
be car.efully considered when planning rehabilitation work.
Reeommended
Not Recommended
Idetitifying, retaining, and preserving
entrances-and their functional and
decorative. features--tfiat are impoctant
in defining the overail historic character
of the buiTding such as doors, fanlights,
sidelights, pilasters, entabTatures,
columns, balustrades, and~stairs.
Proteciing and maintaining the°masonry,
wood, and architectural metal that
comprise entrances and pocches through
appropriate surface ~treatments such as
cleaning, rust removal, limited paint.
removal, and re-application of protective
coating systems.
Evaluating the overall condition of
materials to determine whether more
than protection and maintenance are
required, that is, if repairs to entrance
aric! porch' features will b,e necessary.
Removing ~ or radically changing
entrances and porches which are
'important in .defining 'the ~overall historic
character of the ~ building so :that, as a
result, the character is diminished. ~
Stripping entrances and porches of
historic material such as wood, iron, cast
iron, terra cotta, tile and brick.
Removing an entrance or porch because
the building has been re-oriented to
accommodate a new use.
Cutting new entrances on a primary
elevation.
Altering utilitarian or service entr.ances
so they appear to ~be formal entrances by
adding panelled doors, fanlights, and
sideli'ghts. ~
F.ailing to provide adequate protection to
materials on a cyclical basis so that
deterioration of entrances and porches
resuits.
Failing, to undertake adequate measures
to assure the ~ presecva~tion of historic
entrances and porches.
'
~
. ~.
~
~
~
~
~
,.
~
~
Entrances and Porches (continued) 30
' R
d
d d
d
t- R
N
ecommen
e
~ e
ecornmen
o
r Designing, and. , instailing ~~ additionat Installing secondary service entrances .
entrances~ or porches when required fur . ~~ and porches that are incompatible in size
~ th~ ne~r use in a. manRer. that. pceserves -~
the h'istoric ~ character of ~th~ buiIdingt ; and scale w.ith the historic building or
obscure, damage, or destroy character-
i.e.,: limiting; :such aiteratiorr. ta~ non- defining features. .
character-defining= e'Ievations.. . . : ~ . ~
~ .: "... .-: ~-: ~,. . . ,.. .. ... .. _ . . .. . . . .., ..:. . • .
~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~
~
~' _ ~ `
~ . .
, . ~
~ .
~ ~ .
~ .. . ~ .
, - ~ -
~ ' ~ .
~ ~ ~ ~
~
~ .
~
Entrances and Porches (continued)
Recommended
Not Recommended
Repairing entrances . and porches by
reinforcing • the historic materiaLs.
Repair w'ill also generally include the
limited replacement in ~ kind--or with
compatibie substitute material--of those
extensively. ,deteriocated or missing par;ts
of repeated features where there are
survivirtg ;pcototypes sueh as balustrades;
cornices, entablatures, columns,
side~ights, and stairs.
Replacing in kind an entire entrance or
poreh that is too deteriorated to repair--
if the #orm and detailing are still
evident--using the physical evidence to
guide fhe new wor.k. If using the same
kind of material 'is not technically or
economically feasible, then a compatible
substitute material may be considered.
29 '
Replacing an entire entrance or porch
when the r.epair of materials and limited
replacern~nt of parts are appropriate:
Using a substitute material . for the
replacernent parts that does not convey
the visual appearance of the surviving
parts of, the entrance and poreh or that :is
physicaily or chemically in~ompatible.
Remo~-ing an entrance or porch that is
unrepairable_ and not replacing it;, or
replacing it with a new entrance or ~sorch
that does ,not convey the sarne visual
appearance.
The following work is highiighted to indlcate that' it represents the particnlarly
complex technical oc design aspects of tehabilitation pcojects and ~ould only be
considered after the preservation conc~rns listed above have been ad~essed.
~
Design for Missing Historic Feattaes
Designing~ .and ~ co~strutting : ~ -new,
~entr.ance <or :pocch if ~he ' ;~ric. -.
er~tran~e .or ,porch ;is : .:~comp~ely -._:
.missing~:: It may be ~ r.estoration, ~ased :~:..
,
~on ~historical, pictorial,,_~and.,;: ~ sica!
~Y . .
-.documentation; :or~ .be -~a nemr ~design _~hat ~~.~
..:is ~cor~patible~ wit~ _~ihe•.~istoclc-~haraetec ~ :
: ~:=~;;:..::. _.
~ ,-of Yhe bs~ilding. -.. . - ;;-.:; : ;: :.
. .. .... .
..- - -
. .. ;.. _ . . . . . ., . .. . .. ..
-.. .. _ . ~ .. .... ........ . . .a.. . . .....1.~ rs~r.r..~.:.a:i:n::L~w.«4.•~'..'
Creating a false, historical appearance
because th~ replaced entrance or porch
is based on insufficient historical,
pictorial, and physical; doeumentation.
Introdueing a new entranae or por.ch that
is incompatibl~ iii size, scale, material,
and color.
Alterations/Additior~s for the Ne~v~Lls~
. . , ~~._.' .~. . . , ; ,.. . .a n}.. TM_'x~
..`.. ' 'n .1.~..~~~. .~ ~~~~9. "~n
~ ~ Designing ~iiciosures ~oc ~ustor.ic.~orches ~
~ ~when :. `;r~quir.ed `~y ~he _~rr ~~use m :ta ~-
: m~anner 3hat ~: :~reseryes :-the ~tirstoric ~:
-~ ~character >.of ~he ~:~iuildmg. ~us ~~it .,;
.. _ _,
~ include -using :large ~he~zs •~af.:glass ~;ani~ ".
recessing ~he: ~ ;~~enclosure ~~~a-aIl =y:behirid ~:
° ~ezisting scrollwnrk, .~os-Ls, : .and :
~balustrades. ~ - ` _
... ' ' .. . _ . . . ~. . . . . . . .. ~. ...~. .. .i~. i . .. . J~~J,._ .
Enclosing porehes in a manner that
results in a diminution .or loss of historic
character such as tising solid materials
such as wood, stucco; or rnasonry.
~
~-
~
~ ~
~
:
~: i~
e ~
e
°i
~~~
~.
~
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~
,
~
~.
31
. Stnrefronts are quite often the focus of historic . commercial
Storefronts build'tngs and can thus be extremely important in defining the
~ overall'historic character. Because storefronts also play a crucial
~role in. a store's advertising and merchandising strategy .to draw
customecs and increase business, they are often altered to meet
the 'needs of a new business. Particular care is required in
planning and accomplishing work on storefronts so that the
~ building's historic ~haracter is preserved . in the process of
~ rehabilitation. For specific guidanee on the subject Preservation
Briefs: 11 should be consulted. (See Reading List and Ordering
Infor.mation on pg. 58.) ~
Recommended ,
Identifying, reta.ining, and preserving
storefronts-and their functional and
decorative features--that are 'important
in defining the overall historic character
of the building such as display windows,
signs, doors, transoms, ~ kick plates,
corner posts, and entablatures.
Protecting and maintaining masonry,
wood', and architectural metals which
comprise storefronts through appropriate
treatments such as cleaning, rust
removal, limited paint removal, and
reapplication of protective coating
systems. ~ ~ :
Not Recommended
Removing or radi~ally changing
stor'efconts---and ~their features-which
are important in defining the overall
historic character of the building so that,
as a result,~the character is diminished.
Changing the storefront so that it
appears residential rather than
commercial in character.
Removing historic material from the
storefront to create a cecessed arcade.
Introducing coach lanterns, mansard
overhangings, wood shakes, nonoperable
shutters, and small-paned windows if
they cannot be documented historically.
Changing the loeation of a storefront's
main entrance. •
Failing to provide adequate protection to
mat. rials or~ a cyclical basis so that
de#erioration of storefront features
results. ~
Pr.otecting storefrants against arson and
vandalism before work begins by
boarding up windows and installing alarm•
systems that are keyed into local
protection agencies. ~
Permitting entry into the building
through unsecured or broken windows and
doors so that interior features and
finishes are damaged through exposure to
weather or through vandalism.
Stripping storefronts of historic material
such as wood, cast iron, terra cotta,
carrara glass, and brick.
Storefronts (continued)
Recommended
Evaluating t}ie overall condition of
storefront materials to . d'eter.mine
whether rnore than protection and
maintenance are required, that is, if
repairs to features will be. necessary.
Repairing storefr.onts by reinforcing the
histocic materials. Repairs v~ill also
generally include the lirnited
replacement in kind--or with compatible
substitute material--of those extensively
deteriorated or missing parts of
storefronts, where there ar,e, surviving
prototypes such as transoms, kick plates,
pilasters, or si'gns:
Replacing in kind an entire stqrefront
ttiat is too deteriorated to repair--if the
overall focm and deta'iling are sti11'
eYident--using -the~ physical evidence to
guide the new work. If using the same
matecial is not technieally . or
economically feasible, then compatible
substitute materials rnay be considered. •
Not Recommended,
Failing to undertake adequate measures
to assure, the preservation of the historic
~storefront. •
Replacing an entice storefront when
tepair of materials and limited
replacement of its parts are appropriate.
Using substitute material for the
replacement parts that does:not convey
the sarne visual appea_r..ance as the
surviving parts of the storefront or that
is physically or chemically incompatible.
Removing a storefront that is
unrepairable and not replacing it; or
replacing it with a new storefront that
does not convey the . same visua:
appearance.
The follo~ring work is highlighted to indicate that~ it represents the particulatly
complex tec~inical or design aspects. of rehabilitation' projeets and should only be
considered after the preservation concerns listed above have been addressed.
Design for Missing Historic Features .
Designing;;~~~' and .-:~~ constructing: a- new~
storefrortt. wtieR. the:histocic storefro~t is
completely~:: ~missing : ~'.~,.It may- be- an~ :
': accurat.e-:'.restoration-~: using historicalt. .
pictaiial,,/and.physical dacumentation;.. or .
be. a~ nev~: design~ that.:s cornpatible with~
'. the s~ze.~. scale, materi~T;. ~and color of .the :
_ Iiistcric`building. ~ Sucli new design should ~`
°'~ gerie.,rally :be~ flush: vKith;.the:facade; and; .~
~~ ~the- ,~ treatment ~.of `secondary'~`°design _ :
~~ elements,: sveh as ~ awcnings or signs,: kept ~
• as. simpTe'<~as possible~ ; For example,. new _.
signs. should: fit ~flush~.:with the~ existing~
featuces~of the:#acade,~such as the fascia ~~
board or cornice: ~: ~ - ' ~ ~ ~~ ~ .
Creating a false historical appearance
because the replaced. storefront is based
on insufficient 'historical, pictorial, and
physica~l documentation.
Introducing a. new design that is
incompatible in size, scale, material, and
color. ~ ~
Using new . illum~inated ' signs; ~
inappropciately scaled signs and logos;
signs that pcoject over the sidewalk
unless they were- a characteristic feature
of the histocic building; or other types of
signs that. obseure, damage, or destroy
remaining character=defining features of
the historic building.
32 ~ ,
~
~:
~
~
~„
,33 ;.
BUII:DIIVG I~RIQR If features of the st~uctural systern ar.e exposed such
- ~ as loadbearing bcick walls, c'ast iron colurnns, roof
Streictural System tr.usses, posts and be"ams, vigas, or stone foundation
w.a~lls, they may be important _in defining the building!s
overall historic character. Unexposed structucal
features that are not character-defining or an entire
structural system rnay nonetheless be significant in the
history of building technology; therefore, the
structural system should always be examined and
~ evaluated early in the project planning stage to
de",tecmine both its physical condition and its
irnportance to the building's~ historic character or
historical significance. 5`ee also Healtn and 5afety
~ Code Requirements.
Recommended
Not ~ecommended
Identifying, reta.ining, and preserving
structural systems--and individual
features of systems--that are important
in defining the overall historie character
of the building, such as post and beam
systems, trusses, summer beams, vigas, ~
cast iron columns, . above-grade stone
foundati'on walls, or loadbearing brick or
stane walis.
Removing, covering, or radically
changing features of structural systems
which are important in defining . the
overall hi'storic character of the building
so that, as a result, the character is
diminished. -
Putting a new use into the building which
could overload the existing structural
system; or installing equipment or
mechanical s.ystems which could damage
the structure.
Demblishing a loadbearing masonry wall
that ~ould be augmented and retained
and replacing it with a new wall (i.e.,
brick or stone), using the histori~
masonry only as an exterior veneer.
Leaving . known structural problems
untreated such as deflection of beams,
~ cracking and 'bowing of. walls, or racking
~ of structural members. -
Utilizing treatrnents or products that
acceie"rate the deterioration ~: •of
structural material such as introducing
urea-formaldehyde foam insulation into
frame walls.
~'
Structural System (continued)
Recommended
Not Re~ommended
Prote~cting and ';maintaining the
n
st~uctural ~ system by cleaning: the coof'
gutters and downspouts; replacing roof
flast~ing; , ;keeping masonry, wood, and.
architeetural rnetals in, a sound
conditibn; and assuring that structucal
members ar,e ~free from insect'
inf estati'on.
Examining,..and evaluating the ph.ysical
condition of the structural system and its'
individual features` using; non-destructive
tectiniques sucti as X-ray photography.
Repairing the structur.al system by
augmenting or upgr.ading `individual parts
or features. ~ F.or example,. weakened
'structural mernbers suct- as floor frarning
can be sp'liced, braced, or otherwise
supplemented and r,einforced.
R~P~~$ in kind--or with substitute
material--those ~ portions or features of
the structurai system that are either
exten"sively deteciorated or are missing
when there are surviving prototypes such
as cast iron columns, roof ~ rafters or
trusses,. or ~ sections of ~loadbearing
walls. Substitute mate_r;ial should a.onvey
the same form, design, and overall visual
appearan~e as the historic feature; and,
at a minimum, 'be equal to its
loadbearing caQabilities.
34 ~
Failing to pravide pr.oper building
rnaintenance on a cyclical, basis so that
deter,ioration of the structural system
results:
Utilizing destructive probing techniques
that will clamage or destroy structural
material. ~
Upgrading the building structurally in a
manner that~ diminishes the historic
eharaeter s~f~ the exterior; . such as
installing-strapQing channels`or removing
a decorative cornice; or damages intecior
features" or~ spaces. ~
Repiacing a:structural member or other
feature: of th'e structura~l sy,stem when it
could be augmented and retained.
Installing a repla~cement feature that
does not convey the same visual
appearance, e.g;, repl'acing~ an exposed.
wood: summer beam with ~a stee'1 beam.
Using, -substitute materia! that, does not
equal the loadbearing capatiilities of the
histocic rnatecial and d`esign or is
otherwise physically or chemically
incompatible.
The following wofk is. }ughlighted to indicate that it repeeser~ts ttt~•=particulai.ly
complex technical or design aspect, of rehabilitation proj:~ects and should only be
considered after the pre.servation concerns listed above have '~been addressed.
Alterations/Add.itions for the New Use
Liini , ran .~ '-• .. .. ::- --- ~..- _-
~ y : new ~ excavatiorts a~acent~
ta : historic` . foundations: to ~~. avoid ~
undermihing the structur;ai stabiiity :of`
the buildin~g or adjacent histcrric
buildings. :.~ ~ . . .~ .
Car.rying out excavations or cegrading
adja,cent to or within a histocic building
which could cause the h'istoric~foundation
to settle, shift, or fail; or co.uld :have. a
similar effect on adjacent historic
buildings.
~~
i1
~.
~
'
~
~
~
~
~.
Structural Systern (continued)
Recommended
Correcting structural deficiencies '.in
preparation :for t}ie necv use in a:,manner
that preserves ~the ~ structural system .and
individual character-defining features.
Designing and iristalling new mechanica!
or electrical systems when ~required for
the new use whieh minimize the .number
of cutouts or holes in structur.al
members. ~
Adding a new floor when required for the
new use if such an alteration does not
damage or destroy the'structural system
or obscure, damage, or destroy
character-defining spaces, features, or
f inishes. ~
35
Not Recommended
Radically changing interior spaces or
damaging or destroying features or
finishes that are character-defining
while trying to correct structural
deficiencies in preparation for the new
use.
' Installing new mechanical and electrical
systems or equipment in a manner which
results in numerous cuts, splices, or
alterations to the structural members.
Inserting a new floor when such a radical
change damages a structural system or
obscures or destroys interior spaces,
features, or finishes.
Inserting new ~ floors or furred-down
ceilings which cut across ~the glazed
~` areas of windows so that the exterior
~ form and appearance of'the windows are
radically changed. ~
Creating an atrium or .a light well to
provide natural light~ when -req~:red for
the new use in a manner thaf assures the
preservation of the structural system as
well as cnaracter-defining interior
spaces, features, and finishes. .
, . . . ~
Damaging the structural system or
individual features; • or radically
changing, damaging, or ~ destroying
character-defining interior spaces,
features, or finishes in order to create an
atrium or a light well.
~
~
36
. Interior. ' Svaces, Fea2ures, and
Finishes ~
Recommended
Interioc Spaces .
An interinr floor glan, the arrangement of
spaces, and built.-in features and applied
finishes may be individually or eollectively
important in defining the historic character of
the building. Thus, their identification,
retention, pcotecfian, and repair should be
given prime consideration in evecy rehabili-
tation project and caution exercised :n
pursuing any plan ~that would radically change
character-defining spaces or obscure, damage
or destroy interior features or finishes.
Ide~tifying, retaining, and p~eserving a
floor plan or inierior spaces that -are~
important in defining the overall historic
character of tfie: building. Ttiis includes ,=
the size, configuration, proportion, and
relationship of roor~s and corridors; the.
relationship of features to spaces; and.
the spaces thernseTves . such as lobbies,
reception halTs, entrance halls, double ,
parlors, tkeaters, auditoriums, and
important industrial or commercial use
spaces.
Not Recommended
Radically changing a floor plan or
interior spaces--incTuding individual
rooms--which are important in defining
the overall historic character of the
building so that, as a. result, the
character is diminished. '
Altering the floor plan by demolishing
principal wa.lls an~ partitions to create a
nevK appearance.
Altering or destroying: interior spaees by
inserting floocs, cutting through fdoors,
lowering ceilings~,. or adding or removing
walls. ~
Relocating an interior feature such as a
staircase so. that the historic relationshi~
between features and spaces is altered.
~ --
,
~
~
~
LJ
'
~
~
~J
Recomrnended
Interior Features and Finishes
Identiiying, retaining, and preserving
interior features and finishes that are
important in defining the overall historic
character of " the building, including
columnsy cornices, baseboards, fireglaces
and mantels, paneling, light fixtures,
hardware, and flooring; and wallpaper,
plaster, paint, and finishes such as
stenciling;,, marbling, and graining; and
other decorative materials that accent
lnterior features and . provide color,
texture, and patterning to walls, f loors,
and ceilings.
Protecting and ma.intaining masonry,
wood, and architectural metals which
comprise interior features through
appropriate surface treatments such as
cleaning, rust temoval, limited paint
removal, and~ reapplication of protective
coatings systems.
37
Not Recomrnended
Removing or radically changing features
and finishes which are important in
defining the overall historic character of
the building so that, as a result, the
character is diminished.
Installing new . decorative material that
obscures or damages character-defining
interior features or finish~es.
Removing paint, plast~r, or other
fin'ishes fr:om historically finished
surfaces to create a new appearance
(e.g., .removing plaster to ex.pose
masonry surfaces such as brick walls or a
chimney piece).
Applying paint, plaster, or other finishes
to surfaces , that have been historically
unf inished to create a new appearance.
Stripping . historically painted wood
surfaces to bare wood, then applyi~g
clear finishes or stains to create a
"naturallook." ~
doors and paneling.
S'tripping paint to bare wood rather than
repairing or reapplying grained or
marbled finishes to features such as
Radically changing the type of finish or
its color, such as painting a previously
vacnished wood feature.
Failing to provide adequate protection to
materials on a• cyclical basis so that
deterioration of interior features results.
~
Interior Features and Finishes (continued)
Recommended
Protecting intecior features and finishes
against arson and . vandalism before
project work begins, erecting protective-.
fencing, boarding-up windows, and
install~ing fire alarm systems that are
keyed to local~ protection agencies.
Proteeting interior features such as a
staircase, mantel, or decocative finishes
and wall coverings against damage during
project work by covering them with
heavy eanvas or ~plastic sheets.
Installing protective . coverings in~ areas
of heavy pedestrian traffic to protect
historic features such as wall` coverings,
parquet flooring° and panelling..
Removing damaged oc deteriorated
paints and finishes to the next sonnd
layer using the gentlest method pos5ible,
then repainting or refinishing using
compatible paint or o:the"r' coatine
sys ~ems.
Repainting with eolors that , are
appropciate to the historic building,.
Limiting abrasive cleaning methods to
certain industrial or wareh~ouse ~buildings
where the inte; ior masonry or ~.plaster
features do not have: dist~inguisf-~';.ng
design, detailing, too'ling, o~ fihishes; and
where wood features are not finished,
molded, beaded, or worked i~y hand.
Abrasive cleaning should only, be
considered ~after other,, gentle~ methods
have been proven. ineffective.
Evaluating the ~verall condition of
materials to d2termine whether more
than protection arid maintenance are
required, that is, ~if repairs to interior
features and finishes will be necessary.
38 ,
Not Recommended
Permitting entry into histo~ric buildings
through unsecured or broken windows and
doors ~ so ' that interior features and
finishes are damaged by exposure to
weather or through vandalism.
Stripping interiors of features such as
woodwork,"doors, windows, light fixtures,
copper piping, radiators; or of decorative
r.~aterials. .
Failing;. to ~ provide proptc protection of:
interior features and finishes during work
so that ,they. ace gouged, scratched,
dented, or 'otherwise damaged.
Failing to take new use patterns into
consideration so that interior features
and finish`es are damaged.
Using destructive methods such as
propane or butane torches or
sandblasting to remqve. paint or other
eoatings. These methods can 'irreversibly
damage the historic materials that
comprise interior features.
Using new paint colors that are
inappropriate to the historie buildic;g.
CNanging . the texture ;and patina of
character-defining features through
saridbtasting or use of' other abrasive
methods to ~remove paint; discoloration
or plaster, This includes both ezposed
wood (including.structur.al' members) and
masonry. ~ ~ ~
Failing to undertake adequate measures
to assur,e. ~the preservation of interior
features and ,finishes.
'
,~ -
Interior Features and Finishes (continued)
, 39
~ Recomrnended
_ Not;,Reeommended
-
Repairing inte~ioc features and finishes Replacing an entire 'interior feature such
~ by reinforcing the historic materials. as. a staircase, panel°led wall, parquet
or finish such as a
e
i
Repair wi11 also generally include the ;
c
floor, or corn
limited replacement in kind--or~ with decorative wall covering or ceiling when
compatible substitute material--of those repair of materials and limited
' extensively deteriorated' or missing parts ~ replacement of such parts are
of repeated features when there are appropriate.
~ surviving prototypes such as stairs,
balustrades, wood panelling, columns; or
Using a substitute material for the
~ decorative wall coverings or ornamental replacement part that does not convey
~ tin or plaster ceilings. - the visual appearance of the surviving
parts or portions of the interior feature
or finish . or that is physically or
chemically incompatible.
~ Replacing in kind an entire interior Removing a--character-defining feature
feature or finish that is too deteriorated or finish that is unrepairable and not
to repair-if the overall form and replacing it; or replacing it with a new
, detailing are stil'1 evident--using the feature or f inish that does not convey
physical evidence to guide the new work. the same visual appearance.
Examples could include wainscoting, a ~
' tin ceiling, or interior stairs. If using the
same kind of material is not technically .
~ or economically feasible,. then a
~ compatible substitute material may be
considered.
The following work is highlighted to indicate that it r.epresents the particularly
~ complex technical oc design asgects of rehabilitation projects and should only be
considered after the preserva~~on concerns listed above have heen addressede
~
Design for Missing Historic Features ~
'
~ _ _ ~., . .. :. _ . ., ._,,..; .~_.,,_.,...:,:,~. ~,. _~, ~.......:
::- ~esigning and install~ng ~.a new ~iriterior .
Creating a false historical appearance
because the replaced featurP is based on
` featuce or finish if the 'fiistoric ~feat~r~e
" T insufficient phy~sical, historical, and
~ ~
°or~'-finish is campletely~-.missing.
s
i ictorial documentation or on
r
,
could .include .missing ~artitions, -sta
wall
d
` lnformation derived from , another
.
. .
ghting ..;fixtures,.: .an
: elevators, ~.1i
~# ~ all
~~ building. "
` r ~ ni' .- even •~ertire r.ooms :
:.. coverings;
spaces;' features,:and ~finishes are ~'_
~' .~historic ~: Introducing a new interior feature or
_
~ '~missing ., .~or :.have~ . been;'.3lestroyed ~~Y
~esign ~
'The
tions:'
v
n
~'
'
: f~nish that is incompatible with the
and
olor
l
~ .
.:
a
o
re
.
. .~',lnappropriate
historical, .
based Dn
toration
e ~ ,
s, c
seale, design, materia
interior features
i
i
.
.
.res
:~ 7nay :b
and physical~~ocumenta,tion; or
~ :pictorial ng
v
texture of the surv
hes
i
fi
,
,
new `design that. is.:compatible ~~with ,
b .
s
n
and
~ e a
.
< the historic character.:o#. rthe building,
~~
~
,
~ ;:
~district, or ~neighborhood.: -: . ..:;. : .. . :
. . .. ._.. _ ... ._.,.. _.. .. ., .. . .. .
~
~
~.
~ . .. .... ,__
,
. ._ _
~ ,
.
l
Interior Features and Finishes (continued)
Recommended
Alterations/Additions for the New Use
Accommodating- `service functions ~such.
as bathrooms,.. ~mechaniaaL ~~equipment,. .
and~ office~ machines required by. 'the: .
bu~ding's new us~ in ~ secondary spaces~
such~ •as. ficst ftoor~~servic~ ar.eas or on~
upper fIoors_ _ : ... '~ - ~. . -
Reusing, decorative materi3l. or featu~e~
that have: had to~ be remave~ during the .
rehabilitation, .work includin~ ~vail and`
baseboard trim,. door moulding, panelled.
doors, :- and, ~, simple wainscoting; artd
relacating such material or features. in
ar• eas appropriate~ to their historic.
placement:. . ~
Instaliing permanent . partitions~ in
se.condary spaces; removab'Ie partitions
that do not destroy the sense~ of space
should. be installed when the new use
requires~ the. subdivision of character-
defining intecior spaces_ • •
Enclosing' an interior staicway where
required by code~ so that its character -is
. retained..; In~ rnany cases, glazed fire-
catect walls may be .used_ . .
PIacing, nea~ ~ code-required~ ~staicways or
elevators irt secondary and service~ areas
of the } ~istoric buifding.. ~
. .
Cceating:: ~an- atriurrt or ~..light "well to~
provide itaturaY light when required for .
the riew use in ~ a manrter that presecves
charactec-defining interioc spaces,
featvres,. and~. • finishe~ as. well as the~
. . :. ,
structttra~`sy_stem.:~ _ . ~ : =. . . . : .: .
AdduiU a ne~ floos Lf ~cequired for the .
, ..
new . use i~~ ~ ~:: manner: ~that`~preserves~~
character-defining: structural ~::~ features,. ~ :
and . :~ interior. ~ ~ .spaces,. ': features;. : . and=. ~
fi~ishes- .. . . ~ . ..;: : .
40 . ,
Not Recominended
Dividing rooms, lowering ceilings, and
damaging or obscuring character-
defining features such as fireplaces,
niches, stairways or alcoves, so that a
new use' can be accommodated in the
building. ~ .
Discarding histgric 'material when it _can
be reused w,ithin the rehabilitation
~projec: ~ or ~relocating it in historically ~
inappropriate areas.
Installing~ permanent partitions that
damage or obscure character-defining .
spaces, features, or finishes.
Enclosing an interior stairway wifh fire-
rated construction' ~so that the stairwell
space or any character-defining features
are destroyed. ~
Radically changing, damaging; or
destroying character-defining spaces,
features, I or finishes when adding new
code-required stairways and elevators.
Desuoying~ character-defining interior
spaees, features,,oc finishes; or damaging
th'e str..ucfural:. system. in order to~ create
an atrium or light well. ~
Inserting ~ a new floor within a building
that~ alters or destroys the fenestration;
radically changes a character-defining
interior space; or obscures, damages, or
destroys decorative detailing.
\.
'
~
I
~
. ~ 41
~ Ttie; 'visible f eatures of' historic heating, lighting, air
..
i~echani~l Systems conditioning and ~plumbing sys.tems may so.metimes
Heatin t~~ Conditiortin~, help define the overall historic character of the
, lectrial, and; ~iumbing building and should thus be retai~ed and repaired,
whenever possib'le: Th`~~ systems themselves (the
compresso~-s, boilers,: ~enerators and their ductwork,
~ wiring and pipes) will generally either nPed to be
upgr3cie:d, augmented, or entirely replaced in order to
accommodate fhe new use and to meet code require-
. ments. Less frequently, individual portions of a
system or an entire system .are significant in the
history of building technology; therefore, the
'- icientification of ehacacter-defining features or
' hist~rically, significant systeRis shoulcf take place
. together with. an evaluation of their physical condition
early in project planning. ~
Recommended Not Recommended
~
~
Identifying, retaini; ro, ~ and pr~senring
visible features of ear.ly rnechanical
systems that are important in dPfining
the ov~rall- historic charaeter of the
building, such as radiators, vents, fans,.
grilles, plurnbing fixtures, switchplates,
and lights.
Protec'~ing and mair4~taining' mechanical,
plumbing, and electrical sysfems :and
their features through cyclical cleaning
and oth~r appropriate rneasures.
Preventing accelerated deferioration of
mechanical . syste;ms b,'y providing
aCequate ~ventilation.. ~of ~attics,
cnawlspaces; and eellars so that rnoisture
problerns are avoided'..
Removing o~ radically changing features
of inechanical systems that are
important in def ining the over.all historic
chacacter of the building so that, as a
result, the character is diminished.
Failing; to provide adequate protection of
rnaterials on a cyclica~l basis so that
deterioration of inechanical syc, ~ems and
their visible features results.
'~nclosing mechanical systems. in areas
that are nqt adequately yentilate~ so
that deterioration of the systems results.
Repairing r,-~echanical systems ~ by Replacing a mechanical system or its
augmenting or upgrading system parts, fun~tional parts when it could be
such a"s installing new `pipes and, ducts; upgraded ~and. retained.
rewiring; or adding new comp~essors. or ~
boilers.
L.
~.:
~
Mechanical Systems (continued)
Recommsnded
R~placing in kind--or with compatib'le
substitute materiat--those visible
features of inechanical systems fhat are
either extensively deterio~ated or are
missing when there ~ ~are surviv,'ing
Qratotypes such as Ceiling fans,
switchp~lat~s, radiators, gr.illes, o~
plumbing fixtures.
42 i
Not Recommended
Installing a replacement feature that
does ' not~ convey t}ie same visual
appearance.;
The following ~rork i:s tughligtited `to indtcate t}iat it repc~ts, ttte
, particularly
complex technical o~ design aspects. b# :retiabilitation grqjetts and should, only be
considered aftec ttie preservation, concerns iisted ahove'.have been addresseii.
Alterations/Additions for the 'New Use
Instailin~. a completely~ nev~r mecharuca:[
system: if cequired for the new~ use~ so
ttiat' it. causes ~ the= ,Ieast asteration
possible~ to, the builduig'"s floor plan, the
ex~ecior elevations, and;;the ~least damage
ta historic- building triaferial:.:: ~
Installing a new mechanical systern so
tha't ctaaracter-defining str;uctural or
interior features are radically changed,
damaged, or destroyed.
Instalitng: the ~vectical, runs of` dacts,. ` Installing vertical runs of ducts, pipes,
pipesr and cables •, in~ clasetsr. secvi'ce and; cables in places wher.e they will
ro~ms, anc~ wal~ ~cav~ities.. obscure character-defining features.
Inst~lling~ air conditionirtg ~units if.
requir.ed. by tl~e new use~~iR~such a?manner
that the histqric materials:;'arid. featur.es.
are not damaged or obscured.
Installing ~heating/air ' conditioning .units
iri: the v~indow frames; in such a manner
that the sash and frames are protected.
~indow instaliatians: should - be
considered only wf~en all otk~er viable
heating/cooling ;,systerns woul'd re5ult in
significant damage to fiistocic materials.
Concea'ling mechanical equipment in
walls or ceilings: in a manner" that
requires ~the ~emoval of historic. bu~ilding
mater'ia'1. I -
~
Installing "dropped'! acoustical ceilings to
hide mect~ianical equipment when this
destroys the :proport'io:ns of character-
defining interior spaces'.
Cutting through features such ~ ~as
masonry walls in order to 'install air
condifioning-units. „
,
Radically chan~ging-'the appear,.ance of the
historic bui~lding or damaging or
destroying windows by instailing
heating%air conditioning units in fiistoric
` window ,frames.
~.
~
,
~
~
~
~
~
L1
.~ •
~
43
BUILDI~IG SITE The ~relationship between a historic building or buildings
'and landscape features within a property's boundar,ies--or
the building site--helps 'to define the historic character
and should be considered; an integral part of overall
~ planning for rehabilitation project w~rk.
Recomrnended,
Identifying, cetaining, and ;pcesecvino
buildings and their features as well as
feat~res of the site that are irriportant in
defining its overall ,historic character.
Site features can include driveways,
walkways, Iighting, ~ fencing, signs,
benches; fountains, wells, terracps, canal
systems, plants and trees, berrns, and
clrainage or irrigation ditches; and
archeoiogical featuces. that are
important in defining the :history of the
site.
Not Recornmended .
Removing or radically changing buildings
and, their features or, site features which
are important in defining the overall
historic ch3racter of the building site so .
that, as a result, the character is
diminished'. ~ ~
Retaining the historic, -relationship
between buildings, landscape features,
and open space. ~
Protecting and maintaining buildings and
the site by providing proper drainage to
assure that water does not erode
foundation wall`s; drain toward the
building; nor erode the historic
landscape.
Removing. or relocating historic buildings
or landscape features, thus destroying
the histor.ic relat~onship between
buildings, landscape features, and open
space.
Remov"ing or relocating historic buildin~s
on a site or in a complex of related
historic structures--such as a mill
eotnplex or farm--tnus diminishi~g the
histo~ ic character of the site or complex.
Moving buildings onto the site, . thus
,creating a false histo; ical app~earance.
Lower•ing the gcade level adjaeent ta a
building to perrnit d~~elopment of~ a
formerly below-grasie area such as a
basement in a manner that would
drastieally change the historic
relationship of the building to its site.
Failing to maintain site drainage so that
bui~ldings and site features are damaged
or destrbyed; or, alternatively, changing
the site grading so that water no longer
drains properly.
~
B.UILIIING SITE.(continued)
R~ecommended ~
Minimizing .disturbanee of ~terrain around
buildings or elsewhere on the site, fhus'
reducing the possibility of destroying
unknown archeological,.materials.
Surveying areas whete majgr terr.ain
alteration is likely to irnpact 'important
archeoiogical §ites.
Protecting, e.g. preserving in plaee
known archeologicad material whenever
possible.
P~lanning, and carrying out ~ any necessary
invest'igation 'us~ng ,pcofessianal archeo-
logists and modern archeolog~ieal
rnethods when preservation in place is
not feasible. ~
Protecting the building and other
.features of the site against arson, and
vandalism b;efore reha5ilitation~ work
~begins, ~i.e., erecting pr.otective fencing
and installing. alar.m: systems that are
keyed ,into lbcal proteetion agencies.~ ~
Providing ~ continued ~ pcotection of
masonry, wood, and arehiteetural .metals
which comprise building and site features
througti' appropriate sur,-face treatments
such as cleaning, rust remova~l, .lirnited
paint removal, and'; re-applieation of
protective coating systerns; and
continued',protection and maintenance of
landscape ;featuc.es, 'incluaing plant
material. ~
Evaluating .:the overall condition of
rnaterial's ~to determ'ine whefiher' more
than protection and 'maintenance are
required, that. `is, if repairs to building
and site: fea~tures will be necessary.
4'4
No.t Recommended
~Introdueing heavy maehinery or
equipment into area5 where their
presence may disturb: archeolqgical
materials.
Failing to survey the bui~lding site prior
to~ the beginning of rehabilitation project
work so that, as a~ result, important
archeologiaal `rnater'ial is destroyed.
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Leav'ing known archeological. rnaterial ~
unpro3ect°~ci and subject to-. vandalism,
looti~ng,~ and destruction by ~ natural
elements such as erosion. ' ~ ~
Permitting tinq~±alified pcoject, personnel.
to perform edata . reeovery. so that
_
improper methodology.~esults in ~the'!o'ss:.
of irnportant archeological materiaT.; '
Permifting buildings and site features to
rema:in unprotected so tha# plant;
materials, ~ #encing, wa1E;w,ays,,
archeological features, etc. ar.e damaged
or destroyede ~
Str.ipping f'eatur,es fr-om buildings and the
site sucfi as. wood siding,. ir,on fencing,
masonry ~balustrades; or removing or
destroying landscape features, including.
plant materia~: ~
Fail'ing to proviae adequate protect~ion of
materials on ~a, cyctical .basis so ` that
deter'ioration of building and~ site
features'results:
Failing to undectake adequate measures
to 'assure ttae pre5ervation of building ah`d
site features.
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u
Recommended
Not Recommended
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Repairing features of buildings and the.
site by reinforcing the historic.
materials. Repair will also generally
include replacement in kind--with a
~compatible substitute material~f those
extensi~ely deteriocated or rnissing parts
of features where there: are surviving
prototypes such as fencing `and paving.
Replacing in kind an entire feature of
the building or site ttiat is too
deteriorated to repa'ir--if the overall
form and detailing are still evident--
using the physical: evidence to guide the
new .work. This eould include an
entrance or porch, waikway, or
fountain. If using the same kind of
material , is not technically or
economica~lly feasible, then a compatible
substitute material may be considered.
Replacing an entire feature of the
builduig or site such as a fence, walkway,
or dciveway when repair of materials and
Iimited replacement of deteriorated or
rnissing, parts are appropriate.
Using a substitute material for the
replacement part that does not convey
the visual appearance of the surviving
parts of the building or site feature or
that is physically or chemically
inco;r~patible.
Removing ~a feature of the building or
site that is unrepairable and not
ceplacing it; or ~ replacing it with a new
feature that does not con~ey the same
v'isual appeacance.
The following wock is highlighted to indicate that it represents the partieularly
complex technic~~l or design aspects of rehabilitation pro}ect work and shouid only
be considered after the preservation concerns listed above have been addressed•
I~.sign for Missing Historic Features
_,_ _ ,.:-~.-,~. ,,._._...;
F.~ J
~:~ Designirig and.constructirig a ~ew featuce :~•
;:~..;o~.'a. `~iuilding;.~or ;site. ~hen .the.=historic_..
; _feature: is;complezely~missmg, such'as:an :
:~.outbuiYd'irig, terr.ace, or ~driveway `It aiay -
~.~be . based ~ ~n ~histor.ical,.; ~pictorial,_~:;and ~ ~
~`:physical , ~documentation; or `be ~ ~.~ ~new
~_ ~ destgr~ ,that -: is ,-coii3patible : _ ~ with.°: ~he-_...
_
'historic,; c~acacter :=of :the ~uilding and ~:;
` ~ite. j ., ,' ` ~`
...L.f* io..a..~. ..r .....a«._...75~-=.._,v+:~.:.:s~.tY`.,...x..-..s..r..?:., ~«
Creating a false historical appearance
because the replaced feature is based on
~nsufficient historical, pictorial, and
~hysical documentation.
Introducing a new building or site feature
that is out of scale or otherwise
inappropriate. ~ ~
Intr.oducing a new landseape feature or
plant material that is visually
inaompatible with the site or - that
destroys site ~atterns or vistas.
• `i
BUILDING SITE (continued)
Recommended.
Alterations/,Additions for the New Use
Designing new onsite parking;. loading-
docks;_ or ramps when r.equired by the.
new use so ~ that they are 'as~ unobtrusive
as possibte and assure the pr.eservafion of;
cha~acter-defining: features of the site.
Designing new exterior additions to
historic: buildings oc adjacent new
construction- which- is cbmpatible with •
~'?e historic cl~aracter of the site and
w.hich preserve the historic relationship
between a building; or bui~ldings,.
landscape features, and open space.
Removing nonsignificant buildings,
additionst or site features which detract .
frorn; the historic :character of the site.
Not Recommended
46
Piacing parking facilities directly
adjacent;. ; to liistor'ic buildings where
automobi~l'es. may cau5e ~darnage to the
bui!ldings or landscape fea_tures or be
intcusive to the buildirig site.
Introducin~ new construction onto the
buifiding ~ site which is visually.
incompatible in terrns of size, seate,
design:, materials, color and' texture or
which destroys historic relationshi~s on
ttie sitea ~
Removing, a histor~ic; building in a
corn,plex, a building, feature, .or . a site.
featu're which is irnportant ' in defining
the fiistocic character of the site.
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DLSTRIC'f%I~EIGHBORHOOD The relationship between historic buildings, and streetscape
, . and landscape features within a historic district or
neighborhood helps to ~define the historic character and
therefore 5hould always be a part of the rehabilitation plans.
Recommended
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Identifying, retaining, and pr.eserving
buildings, and streetscape,, and landscape
features which are important in defining
the overall historic character of the
district or neighbor;io.o:d. Such, features
can include street"s, alleys, paving,
walkways, street lights, ~ signs, benches,
parks and gardens, and trees.
Retaining tfie historic . relationship
between buildings, and steeetscape and
landscape features such ,as a town square
comprised of row houses and stores
su"rrounding a cornmunal park or open
space.
protecting and ma,inta:ining the historic
masonry, wood, and architectural metals
which comprise building and streetscape
features, .through appropriate surface
treatments. such as cleaming, rust
removal, _ limited paint ~emoval, and
reapplication of proteciive ~oating
systems;~ and protect~ing and maintaining
landscape features, including plant
material. ~
Prote~ting buildings, paving, iron
fencing~, etc. against arson~ and vandalisrn
before rehabil~itation work ~begins by
srecting protective fencing and installing;
alarm systems that are keyed into local
protection agencies.
Not Recommended
Removing or radically • changing those
features of the district or neighborhood
which are important in defining the
overall historic charactec so that, as a
result, the character is diminished.
Destroying streetscape and landscape
features by widening existing streets,
changing paving material, or introducing
inappropriately located new streets or
park~ing lots.
Removing or relocating historic
buildings, or fe~turES of the streetscape
and landscape, ;thus destroying the
histor,ic relationship between buildings,
features and open space.
Failing to provide adequate protection of
. rnaterials on a cyclic~l basis so that
deterioration of building, streetscape,
and landscape features results.
Pecmitting buildings to remain
unprotected so that windows are broken;
and interior features are damaged.
Stripping features from buildings oc the-
streetscape such as wood siding, iron
fencing, or terra cotta balusters; or
removing or destroying landscape
features, includirig plant material.
DISTRICT/NEIGH80RHOOD (continued)
Recornmended
Evaluating the ' overall condition of
building, streetscape and landseape
materials to deterrriine whet}ier moce
than protection ' and maintenance ;ar.e
required, fhat .is, if repairs to features
will be necessacy.
Repa.iring' features of the buildi ,ng,
str.eetscape, or landscape by reinforcing,
the historic materials. Repair will' alsb
genera~lly include the. replacemenf in
kind--or 'with a cornpatible . substitute.
material--of those extensiveiy' deter-:
iorated or rnissing parts of feature_s' wiien
there are surviving prototypes such as~
porch balustrades, paving mater.ia~ls, or
streetlight standards.
Replacing in kinci an entire feature of
the building, str..eetscape, or landscape
that , is too ~de.teriorated; to cepair--wh`en ,
'the overall ~ form'. and detailing are ~ still
evident=-using the physical ev.idence' to
guide the new work: Tfiis could inclvde a
storefront, a walkway;, or a garden. If
usinn the same kind of matecial i's not
technica~lly .or econom'ically feasible,
"then a cornpatible substitute rnaterial
may be~ considered: ~
Not Recommended
Failing to undertake adequate measures
to assure the pr-eser.vation of building,
stree,tscape, and landscape features. .
Replacing an entire feature of the
building, streetscape, or landscape such
as a porch, walkway, or streetlight, when
repair of ~ materials and'' ~limited
replacement of deteriorated. or rriissing
parts are appropriate:
Using a~substitute material for . the
replacement part that :does not convey
the visual appearance of the surviving
parts of the~ building~, str.eetscape, or
landscape feature or that; is physica°lly or
chemic~lly incompatible. .
Remov:ing a feature. ~f the building,
streetseape, or landscape that is
unrepairable and not ;replacing it; or
replacing it with a new feature that does
not convey the same visual appearance.
•~ The following work is higl~lighted to ir-dicate that At cepresents the, particulacly
:~ complex teci~rueal or design a~pects of 'rehabiiitatiom projects~:and' should only be
considered after the preservati~n~ concerns listed above have been addressede
Design for Missing Historic Featuces
- . . ~ .. _. ..~ _
Designing and_constructing,a.new feature:
~f the "briilding, streetseape, or Iandseape:
v~herr th~ IZistoric..feature is completely'.
missii~g,. ~ such as row ;fious~ stepsr a
porch,. streetlight,,.;or ,terrace. It ~may 'be
a restoratiort bas~': ~: on `~ historical,
pictociaf, and' ph.y.sical documentation; or.
be .a, new design that is compatibl'e with
the histor-.ic charaeter of the disfrict oc
neighborhoo~.. - ~ ~ ~
Cceatin:~ ~a false, historical appearance
because the replaced feature is based on
insuffic~ent histo"rical, pictorial and
physieal documentation.
~' Introducing a new building, streetscape
~ or landscape feature~that is out of scale
' or othecwise inappropriate to ~he
setting's historic character; e.g.,
replacing picket fencing with chain link
= fencing~ .
4g ~
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DISTRICT/NEIGHBO,RHQQD (continued)
Re:.ommended
Alterations%Additions for the 1Vew Use
Designing required new. parking so that it
is as unobtrusive as possible, i.e., on side
streets or at the rear of buildings..
"Sfiared" parking ~should`° alsa be planned
so that several businesses can utilize one
par.king area as opposed to introducing~
randorn,.. multipte lots. .
Designing. and constructing new additions
to historie buildings when required by the
new use. New work should be compaiible
with. the histcric ctiaracter of the
district or neighborhood in terms of size,
" scale, design,. material, coloc! and
texture_
Removing nonsignificant buildings,
additions, or streetscape and landscape
.features which dexraet from the historic
character of the district or~ the
neighborhood.
49
Not Recommen'ded
Placing parking facilities directly
adjacent to historic buildings which
cause t'~.e removal of historic plantings,
relocafion of paths and walkways, or
blocking of alleys.
Introducing new construction into
historic districts tha± is visually incom-
patible or that desl, oys historic
rela_ tionships within the district or
neighborhood. . ~
Remq.ving a historic building, building
feature; or landsaape or streetscape
feature that is important in defining the
overall historic character of the district
or the neighborhood.
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Although the work 'in ttiese sections :is quite. often,, an :impoctant aspect ~of reha~i:.tation
projects, it is usually; not :part of the ovecall process of preserving c.haracter~efining
'
,
features; (ma.uitenance, repair, ,replacement),
, such: wor,ic; `is
rather assessed fo,r its
potential negative~ impact on tfie. building's histo~ic character. For this; ~ceason,. particular
cace must be taken not to ObSNCCy Cadl~~/ ~angey damage; :or destr;cy character-
defining features iri ;tt~ process of cet~ilitation ~vork to meet new use requ'irements. .
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~ . ~.
As a part of the new ase,, it is often necessary to make
HEAL'fH ,P~ND S~FETY ~modifications to a historic building so. that it can
, , Q~ p y ' ~
CODE RE UIREI~IEIVTS com 1 wrth _ th, safety and code
current heal
requirements. Such work needs to be carefully planned
and undertaken so that it does not result in a loss of
, , character-def ining spaces, features, and finishes.
' Recommended Not Recommended .
_ Identifying the historic building's Undertaking code-required alterations to
, character-defining spaces, '#eatures, and . a building or site befor.e identifying those
finishes so that code-required work will spaees, features, or finishes which are
- not result in their damage or loss. character~efining and must thecefore be
, preserved, .
Complying with health.:and safety codes, Altering, damaging, or destroying
incfuding seismic codes and barrier-free charactec-defining spaces, features, and
, access reqnirements, in such a manner finist~es while making modifications to a
,
that character-defining spaces, features, building or site to comply with safety
and finishes are preserv~d. . codes.
~ buildin
s
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hi
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Working with local code officials~ to g
or
c
s
Making changes to
investigate alternative ~ life safety w'ithout first seeking alternatives to code
measures or variances available under requ ~ rements.
' some codes so that alterations and
additions to historic buildings can be
, avoided.
Providing barrier-free access through Installing permanent ramps that damage
removable or portable, rather than or diminish character-defining features.
, permanent, ramps.
Providing seismic reinfoccement to a Reinforcing a historic building using
' historic building in a manner that avc~ds measures that damage or destroy
damaging the structural system and character-defining structural and other
character-defining features. features.
Upgrading historic stairways and
ele~ators to rrreet health and safety
codes. in a manner that assures their
preservation, i.e., so that they are not
damaged or obscured.
Installing sensitively, designed fire
suppression systems, such as a sprinkler
system for wood frame mill buildings,
instead of applying fice-resistant
sheathing to character-defining features.
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Damaging or obscuring historic stairways
and elevators or altering adjacent spaces
in the process of doing work to meet
code requirements,
Covering character=defining wood
features with fire-resistant sheathing
which results in altering their visual
appearance.
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HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE REQUIREMENTS (coritinued)
Recommended
Applying fire-retardant coatings, such as
intumescent pa'ints, wh`ich; expand during
fire to add therrnal protection to steel.
Add'ing a new stairway or elevator- to
meet health and safety todes in a
manner that , preserves adjacent
character-defining features and s~aces.
Placing a code=required stairway or
elevator that canngt be accommodated
with'in the historic buil`ding in a new
exterior additiori. Such an addition
should be located at the~ rear of the
building or on an `inconspi :uous side; and
its size and scale limited in relationship
to the historic building.
Not Recommended
52
Using fire-retardant; coatings . if they
damage or obscure eharacter-def'ining
features.
,Etadically changing, dama`ging, or
destroying character-defin'ing spaces,
featur~s, or finishes. when adding, a new
code-required stairway or elevator,
Constructing a new addition to
aecommodate code-requirecl :stairs and
elevatocs o.n, . .character-defining
elevations highly visib~le :fr.om the str~et;
or where ~:it obseures, ~ damages, or
destroys charaeter-defining features.
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i ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~
'` ~ Some chara~ter-defining features of a histocic building
~1~"~RGY RETROFITTIP!IG or site such as cupola~; shutters, transomsy skylights,
~ ~ sun rooms, porches, and plantings. also play a secondary
~` energy conserving, role. There~ore, prior to
~ retrofitting historic buildings to make them moce
energy effieient, the first. st~p should always be to
, ~ 'tdentify and evaluate the existing h'istoric features to
- assess their inherent energy con"serving potential. If it
is determined that r'etrofitting measures are
, necessary, then such work needs to be carried out with
. particular care to insure that the building's historic
character is preserved in the the process of
^ reiiabilitation.
Recommend~d
Not Recommended
D "nstrict/ Ne ighbochood
Main taining thase existing landscape
features which moderate fhe ~ffects of
the climate on the setting such as
deciduous trees, evergreen wind-blocks,
ancf lakes or ~pondse
Stripping the setting of landscape
features and landforms so that the
effects of the wind, rain, and the sun
result in accelerated deterioration of
historic materials.
Buildin Site
Retaining ~ plant ma~erials, trees, and
landscape features, especially those
which perforrr passive solar energy
functi@ns such as sun shad~ng and . wind
breaks.
Removing plant materials, trees, and
landscap.e features, so that they no
longer perform passive solar energy
functio~s.
,, Installing freestanding solar collectors in
a mannec 'that preserves the his'toric
property's character-defining features.
~' Designing - attached solar collectors,
including solar greenhouses, so that the
, char.aetec-defining features of. the
property are preserved,
!'.
Installing, freestanding solar collectors
that obscure, damage, or destroy hi~toric
landscape or archeological features.
Locating solar collectors where they
cadically change the property's
appearance; or damage or destroy
character-defining features.
,
ENERGY RETROFITTING (continued)
Recommended
/VVood/i~rehiteetural ~Metals
Installing thermal :insulation 'in attics and
in unheated cellars and crawlspaces ~to.
increase the efficieney of the existing
mechanical systecris.
Installing insulating material on, `tNe
inside. of :masonry walls €o iRCrease
energy efficiency where there is no
aharacter-defining interior ~ moulding
around . the window or other , interior
architectural . de tailing.
Installing pass:v.e solar devices such as a
glazed "trombe" wall on a reac o~
inconspicuous side of the historic
building.
Roofs
Placing solar colleator.s on non-
character,=defining, roofs or roofs of
nonhist.oric adjacent buildings.
W'indovres ~
Utilizing the inherent energy -conserving.
featur.es of a building by maintaining
windows and louvered, blir.ds in good
operable eondition for natural
ventilatien. ~
Irnproving thermal efficency with
weatherstripping, storm windows,
caulking, interioc shades, and, if
histocicaily appropriate, ' blinds and
~awnings.
'Installing interior storm windows with
ai'r-tight - gasket5., ~entilating holes;
and/or remo~able clips to insure prgpec
maintenance and to avoid condensation.
damage to historic, windows.
54 ~
Not Recommended
App'Iying urea forma~ld.ehyde foam or: any
other therinal insulation with a water
content into wall, ,cavities in an attempt
to reduce ener•gy consumption.
Resurfacing historic building materials
with more ene'rgy efficient but
~incompatible ma~terials, such as covering
histori~ masonry with exterior insulation.
Installing~ passive solar de~-i'ces such as an
attached glazed "trombe" watl ~.on.
primary or other Vliighly - visible
elevations; or w~iere :hisfor.ic cnaterial
must be removed~or obscured.
Placing solar~ collectars on roofs. when
sueh collectors chang'e the h'istor'ic
roofline oc ,obscure the relationship, of
the. roof to character-defining roof
features such as dormersy sky~ligFits, and
chimneys. ~ • ~-
`Removing historic shading devices rather
than keeping them in an operable
eonditione
Replacing ,historic multi-paned `sash with
new therm'al sash'utilizing false muntins.
Ir~~talling interior storrn windows that
al'low moisture to accumulate and
damage the window.
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ENERGY RETROFITTING
Windows (contiriued)
Reeommended
~/ind:~ws (continued),
Instaliing exterioc storm winciows which
do not_ darnage or obscure the windows
and frames..
Considering the use of lightly tir~ted
glazing on non-character-defining
elevati'ons if other energy retrofitting
alternatives are not poss'ible,
Entrances and Porches
Utilizing the inherent energy conserving
f eatures of a building by maintaining
porches, and doubl'e vestibule ee~trances,
in good condition sa that they can retain
heat or block the sun and provide natural
ventilation.
i~nterior Features
Retaining histo,ric interior shutters and
transoms f.or their intierent energy
conserving features.
t~1ew Additions ~o Historic Buildings
Placing new additioris that, have an
energy conserving funct~ion, such as a
solar, greenhouse on non-character=
defining e'levations.
'~R echanical 'SyStems
InstaYling thermal insulation in a~ttics and
in, uriheatecf cellars 'and crawl'spaces to
~conser•ve; energy.;- -
Nat Reeommended
55
fnstalling new exterior storm winciows
which are inappropriate in size or color,
which ;are inoperable.
Replacing windows or transoms with
fixed~ fhermal gla2ing or permitting
windows and transoms to remain
inoperable rather than utilizing fhem for
their energy conserving potential.
U'sing tinted or reflective glazing on
char'acter-defining or other conspicuous
etevations.
Enclosing porches located on character-
defining elevations to create passive
so~lar collectors or airlock vestibules.
Such enclosures can destroy the histor'ic
appearance of the building.
Removiag historic interior features
whi~ch ~ play a secondary energy
conserriing role.
Installing new additi~ns such as multi-
story sol'ar greenhouse additions which
obscure, damage, destroy character-
defining features..
Applying ur,,ea formaldehyde foam or any
other tFiermal insulation with a water
content .or that may collect moisture
into wall cavities. . '
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- An attached exterior addition to ,a~. historic building
NEW ADDITIONS TO , expands its "outec limits" to create a new profile.
HLSTORIC BUII.DI1~dGS Because, such expansion has the capability to. radically
change ~the historic appearance,..an ~exterior addition
~ shoul'd be cgnsi`dered only after. it has :been deterrnined
that the new use.~ cannot be siiccessful_ly met by
altering non-character'=defimng> interior spaces. If t}ie
new ,use cannot be met in this~ way, tti'en an attached,
extecior addition is usually an acceptable .alternative.
New additions . should, be designed; and 'constcucted so
that the character,"=def ining features: of the h'istoric.
~ building are not rac3ically changed, :bbscur.ed, damaged,
or destroyed in the process of~~ r-ehabilitation. New
. design shou`!d a_lways be cleacly~ ~differ•entiated so that
~ the addition .does not app~ar to be. part of the liisto~ic
resource.
Recommended
Not Recommended
Placing functions and services required.
for the new use in non-character-:
defining;~ interior:. spaces rather ~than.
installing a new~ addition. . .
Constr.ucting a new addition so that
there is the least.possible loss of historic
matecials and:~so that charaeter-defining
features are:not obscured, damaged, or
destroyed. ~
Locating the attached exterior addition
at the ~rear or ~on an inconspicuous side of
a histocic b~i`lding; and limiting its size
and' scale in relationstiip° to the historic
building:
Expandi,ng ~ the size . of the. historic
bt~ilding by~ constructing ~a new addition
when the new use. could .be ~met by
altering non-chacacter-defining :interior
spaces.
Attaching a new addition so thai the
charactPr-defining features of the
fi~istor'ic building °ace; obscured; damaged,
o~ destroyed.
Designing. a new addition so that its size
and ~scale in relation to the historic
buildir~g are out; of ;proportion, ttius
dimin'ishing the histo~ic character.
Designing new addi;tioris in .a manner that
makes ctear what is historic and what is
new. .
,.
Duplicatin,g, the, exact form, rnaterial,
atyle, ~and detail~irig. of the historic
building in, the new addition so that the
new work appears to `~e part -of the
historic buiYding.
Irnitat'ing a historic styl'e .or period of
archite`cture in new additions, especially
for' con~emporacy uses such as drive-in
banks oc garages.
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NEW AbDITIONS TO HISTORIC BUILDINGS (continued)
Recommended
Considering the attached exterior
addition both in terms of the new use and
the appearance of other buildings in the
historic district or neighborhood. Design
for the new work may be contemporary
or may reference design motifs from the
historic building. In either case, it
should always be clearly differentiated
from the histor,ic building and be
compatible in terms of mass, materials,
relatior-ship of solids to voids, and
color.
Placing new additiops such as balconies
and greenhouses on non-character-
defining elevatioris and lirniting the size
and scale in :relationship to the historic
building.
Designing additional stories, when
required for the new use, that ar.e set
baek~ from the wall plane and are as
inconspicuous as possible when viewed
from the street.
Not Recommended
57
Designing and constructing new additions
that result. in the diminution or loss of
the 'historic character of the cesource,
including its design, materials,
workmanship, location, or setting.
Using the same wall plane, roof line,
cornice; height, materials, siding lap or .
window type to make additions appear to
be a part of the historic building.
Designing new additions such as multi-
story greenhouse additions that obscure,
dama~e, or destroy character-def ining
features of the historic building. ~
Constructing additional stories so that
the historic appearance of the building is
radically changed.. .
58 ,
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READING LIST AND ORDERING dNFORMATION
Pres~vation Tax Incentives Progcam Information
~ Tax fncentives for Rehabilitatin Historie B:uildin s. Prograrri leaflet.. ,Explains. the
Federal. tax incenfives ~availa le to .owners who rehabilitate: comrnercial' h`istoric
st.•uctures:: .Ineludes an outline of the cectification, process, program -regulations, and a
list of State Histor'ic Preservation Officers. 12 pages. May, 1982. ~
Pre,..gvatiort Brr . ~
mana ers to ass st ~in eva a tnfo and~re oIv nWn cornmon l~r esecvat o~ eral agenc.y
_ g _. g p arid cepair
problems. The briefs are of'ten gi~ven to pceservation tax incenti~es pcogram applicants
to help~ explain recommended historic: pceservafion method and' approach_es ~ in the
rehab'ilitatio~ of histo"r.ic buildings. Copies, except where noted, `are~a~ailable from the
Superinfendent of Qocuments, U'.S: Government. Printsng Office; W~ash'ington, D'.C: 20402:
GPO priees are subject to change without notice.
#- Pceservation Briefs:. l. The Cleanin and, W~ater ~ roof Coatiri of M`as~
Robect C. Ma. , HIA. Provides guidance on th~ fechniques'x
waterproofing_ and explains the consequences of' their ~inappropriate use.
Novem6'er, 1975.
4 pages.
~ by
and
'i~lYus.
Preservation Briefs: 2. Repointin~ Mortar Joints in Historic Scicfc Buildings by Robert
C. Mack, AIA, de Teel Patferson Tiller, a'nd James S.: Askins: Provides update on
appropciate ,rnaterials and~ methods for cepointing historic buildings: 8 pages. 12 ill:us.
August, 1980. G'PO Stock Number 024-016-00148-b: 1-100 copies, $2.25 each; ;multip!`es of
100, $22.
Preservation. Briefs: 3. Gonservin~ Ener~y_ in_ Histo~ic . Buildin~s by Baird M. Smith,
AIA. P'rovides inforrnation on materials and- techniques to consider oc avoicl when
undertaking weatherizaiion and energy con5ervation rneasures in histoeic buildings. 8
..
pages. 8 illus, April, 1978. GPO Stock Number: 02'4-016-00103-6: '1-100 copies, $2.25
each; multipte3 of f00, $22. ~
Preservation Briefs: 4. Roofing for Historic Buildin~s;by Sarah M. Sweetser. Provides a
rief tiistory of the cnost- eomcnonly used roof~ing ma"terials in PAmerica. Pcesents a sound
preservation approach to roof ,repair; r`'oof replacement, and the .use of alternative
roofing materials. 8 ages. 15' illus; February, I978. GPO Stock Numbers 02~-016-
00102-8; '1-100 copies, ~2.25 each; rnultiples of 1Q0, $22. ~
* Pceservation Briefs: 5. The Preservation o€ Ftistoric Ado'be Buildin~s.> Provides
infor-mation on the t~aditional mater;ial;s and' construction ,o# adobe buildings, and the
causes of adobe deteri'ocation. Makes recommendations for preserving historic adobe
buildings. . 8 pages. ~10 illus. August, 1r978. " ~
* Unavailable from the Government Printing, Office. Single copies :avaiiabfe frorn the
National Park .Serviee Regional Of#ices (see Introduction to Guidelines).
~
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Pr.eservation Briefss_ '6. Dang.ers of Abrasive Cl~eaning to Histor;ic Buildin~s by Anne E.
Gr'immec. C'autions against the use of sandblasting to clean various buildings and
~ ~suggests rneasures to mitigate the effects.of irnproper cleaning. Explains the limited
circumstances under which abrasive cleaning may be apprbpciate. 8 pages. 10 illus.
June, 1979. GPO Stock Nurnber: 024-016-00112-5: 1-10.0 copies, $2.25 each; multiples
~ of 100, $22.
The Preservation of Historic Glazed Architectural Terra-Gotta
Preservation Briefs: 7,.
'' .
by de Teel Patterson Tiller. Discusses deterioration problems that commonly occur with
. terra-cotta and provides methods for determining the extent of such deterioration.
Makes recommendations for maintenance and repair, and suggests .appropriate
, replaeement matecials: 8;pages. 11 illus. 7une, 19Z9. GPO Stock Number: 024-016-
00115-Q: 1-100 copies, $2.25 eacn; multiples of I00, $22.
' Preservation Briefs: 8. Aluminum and; Viny,l ,Sidings on His ~oric Buildings by John H.
~; M yecs. fliscusses e5thetic and technical considerations surrounding use of these
substitute replacement materials. 8 pages. 11 illu5trations. October, 1979.
~ CURRENTLY OUT-OF-PR'INT--TO BE REVISED AND REPRINTED IN 1983.
~ Preservation Briefs: . 9. Tt-e Repair of Histor.ic W o~.;~en Windows by 7ohn H. M yers.
Provides useful 'information on ev.aluating and repa~iring historic wooden windows found in
, typical rehabilitation projects. Emphasizes practical technology for hoir-eowners or
~
198_1. GPO Stock Number: 024-016-
developer.s. 8 pages: LO illustrations. Januar~y,
~ OOi 47-8: 1-100 copies, $2:25 each; multiples of `100, $22. ~ ,
'
Preservation Briefs: 10`. Exterior Paint Prablems on Historic Woodwork by Kay D.
; Weeks and David W. Look, AiA. Identif'tes and deseribes common types of paint surface
~ conditions and failures. Provides guidance on preparing. historic woodwork for repainting,
~ including limited and tota! paint removal. i2 pages. 14 ilius. November, 1982. GPO
;; Stock Number: 024-003-Q0842-0: $2.25 each. ~
Preservation Briefss 11. Rehabilitatin~. Historic Storefron~s 5y H. Wacd 3and1. Explores
. the role of the storefroni in historic buildings and. provtdes guidance on rehabilitation.
techniques for storefronts as well as compatible new storefront designs. 12 pages. 12
illus. NoJember, 1982'. GPO Stock Number: 024-005-00 ~43-8: $2.25 each.
. Techniml: ~epocts address in detail techn`ical' problems confronted by architects,
en"gineers, government officials, and other technici'ans involved with the preservation of
fi•istoric buildings. Copies, except where noted, are a~a~Yable from the Superintendent of
~: Documents, .(J.S. Govecnment Printing Office, R/ashingxon, D,G. 20402. GPO prices are
, subject "to ehange without notice.
~ o istocic Buildin for the Disabled: Su estions for Plannin and
~cc~ss t H ~
,
`~ implern_entation by Charies Parrott. Addresses the special concerns of improved access
~ by disabled persons to historic buiidings, as well as legal requirements and compliance
planning proced'ures. Also examines techniques to make programs and ser;vices housed in
;i • historic buildings accessible in lieu of arehiteetural changes. 92 pages. 42 illus. 1980.
GPO Stock Number: 024=016; 00149-4. $5.50.
Cyclical MaintPnanee for Historic Buildings by J. Henry Chambers, AIA. Provides a
. step-by-step process foc building managers, architects, and others involved in the routine
~ maintenance of historic properties. 125 pages. 1976. GPO Stock Number: 024-005-
OOb37-1. $6.50. ,
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60
.,
~ ~=* Directory .of _Historic Preservati'on Easement Or~anizatioris compiled by Charles E.
~.
; Fisher, William; G'. MacR'ostie, _and Chr.istop_her A. Sow-ick, L'lsts oy.er 1;85 ~organizations
' ~ throughout the nation• who are willing ta accept tiisxoric prese~vation., easements: 23'
~ pages. 3 illus. Re~., `Decern~ber, ~1981. •
~ Epoxies for Wood~ Repa~irs, in .Histori`c~ Buildings `by' Morgan W. Phillips, and .Judith E.
.~ Selwyn. "Pcesents :researeh,. fi~ndings ~on tfie formutations of epoxy eonsolidants and
' patching compounds foc use on wooden elements in preseiv.ation projects, ineludin.g case
~ study applicat'ions. 72'pages. 43._ iilus. Appendix. 1978. G'PO Stock Number~: 024-016-
~ 00095-1:: $'S.00: ~
~ ,~ Exterior Clean.ing of' Historic N1;asonry Buildings by Norman R. W`eiss. Diseusses
~° _
; various~.rriethods of cleariing and the complez factocs to consid'er before. selecting a
. suitable rnethod. Intended prirnarily f'or architects, cons;ervators, and ~other professi:onals
.: responsible ~for the:: preparation of specifica~tions and development of agency-wide
: cleaning programs. ,1'8. pages. Selected bibliography. 1977.
A : G'uide for
~urveys interior anq. exterlor gastlgn:ting
the rnajor m.anufacturing firms; and a lis
gas companies., Z48 pages. 120, ill~s.
Number: ,024-01'6=00094-3. $8.50:
:stor-ic Preserv,at'ion by Denys' ~ Peter M yers.
:tures used in America;°~providing histories of
; of: the charter dates for indiv-idu~l and city
~ppendix. B'ibliograpfiy. 1978. GPO Stock
Metals in PAmer`ica's Historic> Buildin s; Uses and' Preserva;tion Methods_ by ~Margot Gayle
and David~ W., Look,; AIA Part I;~ and John Waite Part Ii). Concentrates' on the historic
uses of `5ueti archifectural_ metals as lead,. tin, zinc, eopper, nickel, "icon, steel, and
aluminum' (P.art I): Also: ~ discusses. the sources . of; rnetal deter,ior;ation and suggests
~
appropriate presecvation and maiiitenance techn~i`ques;, ~addressing; each metal individually
_ .
(Pact !!). 1,70 pages.. 180 iilus:,- 1980. ~GPO'Stock Number 024-016-OOT43-5. $7.:00.
~' ~ Moving' Historic Buildin~s by 7ohn Ob:ed Curtis. Diseu$ses the~ lirriited circurnstances
.~ under ~which .a historic rrasonry or frarne building should 6e. moved; .estabTishes a
: rnefhodology~ for° planning,; research, and cecording pri'or to the move; an, d addresses the
~ actual siting, foundation, ,;construction, building reassembly, and restoration after a
: .
` successful rnove has taken 'p'lace. 56 pages. 47,:illus: Selected btibliograptiy. 1979.
.
*# Photogramrn.etric Recording bf Cultural Resour`ces by Perry E: Borchers: Describes
the basrc' principles of' photogrammetry and theic appl'zcation to the reeording of cultural
resources. 38 pages. 28 ilius. 1977..
Rectified Photo~;raphy and Photo; Draw.ings :for Historic Pr,eservation, by 'T. Henry
Chambers,, AIA: Presents a method de~eloped' for the prepar-ation of piiotographic
working draw~ings and phc,todocumentation. Intended for arehitects. 37 pages. 13 illus.
1973. GPO Stock Nurnb`er; 024-0~16-00T24-9. $4J5.
#* Unavailable. fcom the Government Printing Offi'ce, Requests.fqr single eopies; may be
sent to Techni'cal Pr,eservati`on 5`erviees, 'Pr,eservation Assistance Division, 'Nationa'I Park
Service, W.ashington, b.C. 2024'0. Due to limited stock, topies of a'll' rnater`ials requested
may not be available. ~
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Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings: An Ancnotated Biblio~raphy bY Frederec E. Kleyle.
Cites re"adily availa le literature on various aspects of uil ing rehabilitation with
' chapters on economics, building regulations, techniaal preservation topics, and selected
case studies. 21 pages. 1980. GPO Stock Number: 024-016-00130-3. $3.50.
~ Wallpapers in Historic Pceservation by Catherine Lynn Frangiamore. Surveys the
' technology, styles, and uses of wallpapers in ~ America with suggestions for using
wallpaper within a restoration pro ect. 56 pages. 39 illus. Appendices. 1977. GPO
Stock Number: 024-005-00685-1. ~5.00. .
' ~ X-Ra Examination of Historic Structures b David M. Hart. Discusses~a method for
Y Y
investigating a building's fabrie by non-destructive means. Intended for architects,
' conservators, and other professionals. 24 pages. 19 illus. 1975.
~ ~ Unavailable from the Government Printing Office. Requests for single copies may be
, sent tos Technical Preservation Services, Preservation Assistance Division, National
Park Service, Washington, D.C. 20240. Due to limited stock, copies of all materials
requested may not be available.
' TPS Publications: Ovtside The Government Printing Office
Some of the publications TPS has developed have been printed by the private sector and
, are only available from these non-governmental sources. The following list includes the
sources' addresses:
Ener~y Conservation and.Solar Ener~y for Histocic Buildings: Guidelines for Appropriate
~ Desi ns. Prepared for Technical . Preservation Services, Nationa! Park Service, by
Thomas Vonier Associates, Inc. funded by the U. S. Department of Energy. Provides
design guidance on energy conservation measures and solar energy applications for
~ historic buildings. 24 pages. 28 illus. November 1981. Available for $6.95, prepaid,
from: The National Center for Architecture and Urbanism, 1927 S Street, N.W., Suite
300, Wasfiington, D.C. 20009.
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Respectful Rehabilitationi . Answers to Your Quesfiions on Historic Buildin s. Prepared
y Technical Preservation Services, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the
Interior, and published by the Preservation Press of the National Trust for Historic
Preservation. Provides answers to 150 questions which are often posed in the course of
rehabilitating historic struetures. Topics covered cange from paint, wood, masonry,
metals, and interior features to mechanical systems and health and safety codes. 185
pages. 150 illus. September 1982. Available for $9.95 plus $2.50 for postage and
handiing feorn: Preservation Shops, 1600 H Street, N.W., Washington; D.G 20006.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTZNG OFFICE : 1983 0- 416-688
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